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Essential Plant Nutrients

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Copper

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Role in plant growth: Important for photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and as a defense against pests. Deficiency symptoms: Young leaves wilt, become dark green, and may develop necrotic spots.

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Calcium

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Role in plant growth: Component of cell walls, required for cell division and growth. Deficiency symptoms: New leaves are deformed or irregular, apical meristems die back.

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Nitrogen

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Role in plant growth: Required for synthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. Deficiency symptoms: Stunted growth, yellowing of older leaves (chlorosis), and poor yield.

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Potassium

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Role in plant growth: Regulates opening and closing of stomata, activates enzymes, and is important for osmoregulation. Deficiency symptoms: Brown scorching and curling of leaf tips, interveinal chlorosis.

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Sulfur

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Role in plant growth: Component of amino acids, vitamins and is vital for protein synthesis. Deficiency symptoms: Young leaves turn pale yellow, sometimes with pink tints.

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Manganese

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Role in plant growth: Functions as a cofactor for enzymes in photosynthesis and respiration. Deficiency symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis, brown spots on leaves, and stunted growth.

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Phosphorus

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Role in plant growth: Involved in energy storage and transfer, such as ATP, DNA, and membranes. Deficiency symptoms: Dark green or purple leaves, weak root system, delayed maturity.

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Zinc

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Role in plant growth: Involved in the synthesis of auxin, a plant hormone, and many enzyme systems. Deficiency symptoms: Reduced leaf size, short stem length (rosetting), and interveinal chlorosis of older leaves.

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Iron

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Role in plant growth: Essential for chlorophyll synthesis, acts as a cofactor for enzymes. Deficiency symptoms: Chlorosis in young leaves (usually interveinal), stunted growth.

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Molybdenum

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Role in plant growth: Necessary for the conversion of nitrate into ammonium in plants. Deficiency symptoms: Older leaves turn yellow, leaf edges become scorched.

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Magnesium

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Role in plant growth: Central atom in chlorophyll, necessary for enzyme function. Deficiency symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis in older leaves, leaf margins curling upwards.

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Boron

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Role in plant growth: Important for cell wall synthesis and membrane function. Deficiency symptoms: Apical meristems die, stunted growth, and poor development of root and shoot systems.

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Chlorine

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Role in plant growth: Involved in osmosis, ionic balance, and in photosynthesis reactions. Deficiency symptoms: Wilting, stubby roots, and chlorosis or bronzing of the leaves.

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