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Essential Plant Nutrients
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Flashcards
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Copper
Role in plant growth: Important for photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and as a defense against pests. Deficiency symptoms: Young leaves wilt, become dark green, and may develop necrotic spots.
Calcium
Role in plant growth: Component of cell walls, required for cell division and growth. Deficiency symptoms: New leaves are deformed or irregular, apical meristems die back.
Nitrogen
Role in plant growth: Required for synthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. Deficiency symptoms: Stunted growth, yellowing of older leaves (chlorosis), and poor yield.
Potassium
Role in plant growth: Regulates opening and closing of stomata, activates enzymes, and is important for osmoregulation. Deficiency symptoms: Brown scorching and curling of leaf tips, interveinal chlorosis.
Sulfur
Role in plant growth: Component of amino acids, vitamins and is vital for protein synthesis. Deficiency symptoms: Young leaves turn pale yellow, sometimes with pink tints.
Manganese
Role in plant growth: Functions as a cofactor for enzymes in photosynthesis and respiration. Deficiency symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis, brown spots on leaves, and stunted growth.
Phosphorus
Role in plant growth: Involved in energy storage and transfer, such as ATP, DNA, and membranes. Deficiency symptoms: Dark green or purple leaves, weak root system, delayed maturity.
Zinc
Role in plant growth: Involved in the synthesis of auxin, a plant hormone, and many enzyme systems. Deficiency symptoms: Reduced leaf size, short stem length (rosetting), and interveinal chlorosis of older leaves.
Iron
Role in plant growth: Essential for chlorophyll synthesis, acts as a cofactor for enzymes. Deficiency symptoms: Chlorosis in young leaves (usually interveinal), stunted growth.
Molybdenum
Role in plant growth: Necessary for the conversion of nitrate into ammonium in plants. Deficiency symptoms: Older leaves turn yellow, leaf edges become scorched.
Magnesium
Role in plant growth: Central atom in chlorophyll, necessary for enzyme function. Deficiency symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis in older leaves, leaf margins curling upwards.
Boron
Role in plant growth: Important for cell wall synthesis and membrane function. Deficiency symptoms: Apical meristems die, stunted growth, and poor development of root and shoot systems.
Chlorine
Role in plant growth: Involved in osmosis, ionic balance, and in photosynthesis reactions. Deficiency symptoms: Wilting, stubby roots, and chlorosis or bronzing of the leaves.
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