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The science of soil management and crop production.

The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.

A method of growing plants without soil by suspending roots in a liquid nutrient solution.

A large increase in crop production achieved in the 20th century due to the adoption of advanced technologies, including high-yield varieties, irrigation, and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

The wearing away of the topsoil layer by wind or water.

The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.

An organism whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering techniques.

The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

The artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops.

The practice of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to meet diverse needs and values.

The process of increasing the economic value and consumer appeal of an agricultural product.

The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals.

A disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals.

An agricultural production system characterized by the high inputs of labor, fertilizers, capital, and intensity per unit of land area.

Any wild plant that grows in an undesired place, especially in competition with cultivated plants.

A crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

Land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep.

A cultivar that was commonly grown during earlier periods in human history, but which is not used in modern large-scale agriculture.

A tillage method that targets specific soil zones for cultivation and seeding, leaving the remainder undisturbed.

Agriculture practiced by farmers who grow food crops to feed themselves and their families.

A land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.

A basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other goods of the same type.

Any substance used to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests.

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with carbon dioxide and water.

The process of composting using various worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.

The practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around a village, town, or city.

Farming practices that balance the need for food production with the preservation of ecological systems.

The right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods.

The small-scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants.

A chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility.

An agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labor, fertilizers, and capital, relative to the land area being farmed.

Growing more than one crop species in a given area simultaneously.

A type of land sculpturing that consists of creating almost level areas in a hilly or mountainous landscape in order to farm more effectively.

Initiatives and programs to engage young people in farming and related activities, with the aim of sustaining the agricultural labor force and innovation in farming.

A method of crop and livestock production that does not use pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics, or growth hormones.

An agricultural technique for growing crops or pasture without disturbing the soil through tillage.

The cultivation of a single crop in a given area.

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease.

Landscaping and gardening that reduces or eliminates the need for supplemental water from irrigation.

A business that earns most or all of its revenues from agriculture.

The practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons.

The breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish, shellfish, algae, and other organisms in all types of water environments.

A farming management concept based on observing, measuring, and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops.