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A non-chemical method using solar energy to increase soil temperature to levels that are lethal to soil-borne pests and pathogens.

Strategies that integrate the principles of ecology in agricultural production, including biodiversity to provide ecological pest control.

The practice of removing plant debris and waste that may harbor pests, thus reducing the potential for infestation in subsequent crops.

Pesticides derived from plants, which often break down quickly in the environment and may pose fewer risks than synthetic chemicals.

Planting crops that cover the soil to improve soil health and fertility, which can indirectly reduce pest populations and pressure.

The use of gaseous chemicals to sterilize soil and eliminate pests before planting, used especially for high-value crops.

Utilizing technologies like GPS, drones, and sensors to monitor and respond to variability within fields for targeted pest control.

Traps that use synthetic copies of the natural chemicals insects use to communicate in order to monitor or control pest populations.

Controlling irrigation and moisture levels to create less favorable conditions for pests, while ensuring optimal growth for crops.

Planting a sacrificial crop to attract pests away from the main crop, effectively reducing damage to the target crop.

Physical barriers made from transparent or semi-transparent materials that protect crops from pests while letting light, water, and air in.

Chemical substances that interfere with the growth and development of insect pests, acting as an alternative to conventional pesticides.

Utilizes synthetic chemicals or pesticides to kill or inhibit pests, applied only when needed and in an environmentally responsible manner.

Use of physical means like traps, barriers, mulches, or manual removal to control pests.

Governmental policies and regulations designed to prevent the introduction or spread of pests via quarantine and trade restrictions.

Strategies to reduce the evolution of resistance by rotating pesticides with different modes of action and reducing usage.

Combines trap cropping ('pull') and repellent companion plants ('push') to enhance pest control and promote beneficial insects.

The use of pest-resistant crop varieties and genetically modified organisms to reduce the impact of pests.

Enhancing the natural environment to support the predators and parasites that attack pest species.

The use of living organisms such as predators, parasites, or pathogens to control pest populations.

Involves modifying farming practices such as crop rotation, planting times, and sanitation to reduce pest habitat and food sources.

Controlling parasitic nematodes through crop rotation, resistant varieties, biological control, and chemical nematicides.

A holistic approach combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks.

Pesticides which are not only derived from natural sources but also are used in a way that is consistent with the principles of IPM.