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Fertilizers and Their Uses
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Monoammonium Phosphate
Composition: 11% Nitrogen, 48-61% Phosphate. Application: Serves as a source of phosphorus and nitrogen, used for fertilizer blends and direct applications.
Urea
Composition: 46% Nitrogen. Application: Soil amendment for nitrogen or foliar sprays for plant nourishment.
Muriate of Potash
Composition: Typically 60% Potassium chloride. Application: Used as a potassium source for all crops, particularly where sulfur is not needed.
Superphosphate
Composition: 14-18% Phosphate. Application: Used to supply phosphorus to the soil.
Potash
Composition: Generally 60% Potassium oxide equivalent. Application: Directly applied to soil to improve plant potassium levels.
Sulfate of Potash
Composition: Potassium sulfate, typically 50-52% Potassium. Application: Preferred potassium source on sulfate-requiring crops like tobacco, grapes, and some fruits and vegetables.
Ammonium Nitrate
Composition: 33-34% Nitrogen. Application: Used as a high-nitrogen fertilizer for top-dressing and side-dressing crops.
Ammonium Sulfate
Composition: 21% Nitrogen, 24% Sulfur. Application: Provides a quick release of nitrogen and sulfur to plants, and lowers the pH of alkaline soils.
Diammonium Phosphate
Composition: 18% Nitrogen, 46% phosphate. Application: Commonly used as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus, often as a seed starter fertilizer.
Triple Superphosphate
Composition: Around 45-52% Phosphate. Application: Heavily concentrated phosphate fertilizer applied in concentrated areas to provide phosphorous.
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
Composition: 20-27% Nitrogen and calcium. Application: Offers both calcium and nitrogen to crops and helps to neutralize acidic soils.
Lime
Composition: Calcium carbonate or calcium and magnesium carbonate. Application: Soil amendment used to raise pH and provide calcium and magnesium in acidic soils.
Bone Meal
Composition: Coarsely ground animal bones, high in phosphorus and calcium. Application: Organic slow-release fertilizer that encourages strong root development.
Cow Manure
Composition: Ruminant livestock waste, lower in nutrients than poultry manure. Application: Organic fertilizer and soil conditioner, preferably composted.
Blood Meal
Composition: Dried, ground, and flash-frozen blood, high in nitrogen. Application: Quick-release organic nitrogen source that also deters some pests like deer and rabbits.
Green Sand
Composition: Iron-potassium silicate, also contains other trace minerals. Application: Slow-release fertilizer and soil conditioner, used to loosen heavy, clay soils.
Magnesium Sulfate
Composition: Magnesium and sulfur, commonly known as Epsom salt. Application: Used to correct magnesium-deficient soils, especially for crops like potatoes, roses, and tomatoes.
Seaweed
Composition: Marine algae, typically containing a range of trace elements and plant growth hormones. Application: Organic fertilizer and soil conditioner, commonly available as a liquid extract.
Zinc Sulfate
Composition: Zinc sulfate, commonly contains 35% zinc. Application: Used to correct zinc deficiencies in various crops which are vital for plant enzyme systems.
Manganese Sulfate
Composition: Manganese(II) sulfate, commonly contains 32% manganese. Application: Used to correct manganese deficiencies in many crops including palms and citrus.
Rock Phosphate
Composition: Phosphorus-bearing mineral, usually contains 30-40% phosphate. Application: Slow-release phosphorus fertilizer for preparing new beds and amending soil.
Iron Sulfate
Composition: Iron(II) sulfate, provides iron. Application: Used to correct iron chlorosis in plants, can also lower soil pH over time.
Compost
Composition: Decomposed organic matter with variable nutrient content. Application: Soil conditioner that adds organic matter and nutrients, improving soil structure.
Fish Emulsion
Composition: Hydrolyzed fish by-products, generally rich in nitrogen. Application: Organic and relatively balanced fertilizer suitable for a wide variety of plants, including indoors.
Copper Sulfate
Composition: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. Application: Used as a micronutrient to correct copper deficiencies and for algae control in water systems.
Borax
Composition: Sodium borate, usually contains 11% boron. Application: Provides boron, which is vital for cell wall formation and seed reproduction.
Molasses
Composition: By-product of sugar production, rich in carbon and B-vitamins. Application: Used as a chelating agent and to feed beneficial microbes in the soil.
Chicken Manure
Composition: Poultry waste, high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Application: Organic fertilizer, best if composted before use due to high nitrogen content that can burn plants.
Sulfate of Ammonia
Composition: Ammonium sulfate, 20-21% Nitrogen and 24% Sulfur. Application: Quick-release fertilizer for immediate nitrogen supplementation, also lowers pH for acid-loving plants.
Gypsum
Composition: Calcium sulfate dihydrate, provides calcium and sulfur without altering soil pH. Application: Used to improve soil structure and remediate sodic soils.
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