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Symptoms: Coughing, nasal discharge, rapid breathing. Treatment: Antibiotics, supportive care. Prevention: Vaccination, proper ventilation, stress reduction.

Symptoms: Fever, diarrhea, oral erosions. Treatment: Supportive care, vaccination of herd. Prevention: Biosecurity, testing and culling infected animals.

Symptoms: Fever, jaundice, abortion. Treatment: Antibiotics such as penicillin. Prevention: Vaccination, rodent control, avoid contaminated water sources.

Symptoms: Inflammation of udder, abnormal milk. Treatment: Antibiotics, milking out affected quarters. Prevention: Teat disinfection, proper milking procedures, dry cow therapy.

Symptoms: Diarrhea in calves, dehydration. Treatment: Fluid therapy, electrolytes, possibly antibiotics. Prevention: Good calving environment hygiene, colostrum management, vaccination of the dam.

Symptoms: Fever, abortions, liver lesions. Treatment: Supportive care, no specific antiviral treatment. Prevention: Vaccination, vector control, biosecurity measures.

Symptoms: Weight loss, diarrhea in later stages. Treatment: No effective treatment, manage symptoms. Prevention: Test and cull, improve sanitation, manage manure.

Symptoms: Abortion, infertility, joint swelling. Treatment: Usually none, culling infected animals. Prevention: Vaccination, test and remove positive animals.

Symptoms: Eye redness, tearing, corneal ulcers. Treatment: Antibiotics, eye patches. Prevention: Fly control, vaccination, avoid crowding.

Symptoms: Chronic cough, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes. Treatment: No treatment, required slaughter of infected animals. Prevention: Biosecurity, test-and-slaughter programs, wildlife reservoir management.

Symptoms: Vesicles on feet and mouth, fever, drooling. Treatment: Primarily supportive, no specific treatment. Prevention: Biosecurity, vaccination where available, movement control.

Symptoms: Changes in temperament, incoordination. Treatment: No treatment, euthanasia for affected animals. Prevention: Avoid feeding cattle meat-and-bone meal.

Symptoms: Bloody diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration. Treatment: Anticoccidial drugs, supportive care. Prevention: Good sanitation, proper stocking rates, coccidiostats in feed.

Symptoms: Abdominal pain, decreased milk production, anorexia. Treatment: Surgery or use of a magnet to remove metal. Prevention: Use magnets, avoid contaminated feed.

Symptoms: Coughing, difficulty breathing, pleural effusion. Treatment: Antibiotics, although not always effective. Prevention: Vaccination, movement control, quarantine.

Symptoms: Nodules on skin, fever, milk drop. Treatment: Supportive care, wound management. Prevention: Vaccination, vector control, quarantine measures.

Symptoms: Intense itching, neurological signs, death. Treatment: No effective treatment, euthanasia often required. Prevention: Biosecurity, vaccination where legal.

Symptoms: Swelling, lameness, fever. Treatment: Antibiotics if early, often ineffective. Prevention: Vaccination, proper disposal of carcasses to reduce soil contamination.

Symptoms: Circular, crusty lesions on the skin. Treatment: Topical antifungal treatment, improved nutrition. Prevention: Good sanitation, isolate infected animals.

Symptoms: Swollen tongue, lameness, nasal discharge. Treatment: Supportive care, anti-inflammatory drugs. Prevention: Vaccination, vector control, movement restrictions.

Symptoms: Fever, weakness, edema. Treatment: Antiparasitic drugs like trypanocides. Prevention: Tsetse fly control, strategic drug use.

Symptoms: Sudden death, bloody discharges. Treatment: Antibiotics if caught early. Prevention: Vaccination, proper disposal of carcasses, avoid grazing in endemic areas.

Symptoms: Distention of left side, difficulty breathing. Treatment: Relieve gas through tube or trocar, anti-foaming agents. Prevention: Manage grazing on bloat-risk pastures, feeding anti-bloating compounds.

Symptoms: Nasal discharge, red nose, fever, coughing. Treatment: Supportive care, antiviral drugs in some cases. Prevention: Vaccination, biosecurity measures, isolate infected animals.

Symptoms: High fever, nasal and eye discharge, lymphadenopathy. Treatment: No successful treatment, usually fatal. Prevention: Avoid contact with certain species like wildebeest, keep separate from sheep in some regions.

Symptoms: Depression, diarrhea, abdominal pain. Treatment: Adjust diet, oral antacids, rumen buffers. Prevention: Controlled grain feeding, dietary fiber, gradual dietary changes.

Symptoms: Fever, oral erosions, diarrhea. Treatment: No treatment, often fatal. Prevention: Eradicated as of 2011, prior vaccination campaigns were key.

Symptoms: Muscle tremors, staggering, convulsions. Treatment: Intravenous magnesium sulfate. Prevention: Magnesium supplements in at-risk periods, such as lush spring grass growth.

Symptoms: Abortion, stillbirth, neurological disorders in calves. Treatment: There is no effective treatment. Prevention: Manage dog population on farms, biosecurity, prevent feed contamination.

Symptoms: Anemia, jaundice, fever, weight loss. Treatment: Tetracycline antibiotics. Prevention: Tick control, controlling movement of animals from endemic areas, vaccine where available.

Symptoms: Reproductive failure, abortion, pyometra. Treatment: No effective treatment, cull infected animals. Prevention: AI instead of natural service, test bulls before breeding season.

Symptoms: Anemia, bottle jaw, weight loss. Treatment: Antihelminthic drugs. Prevention: Pasture rotation, fecal egg counting and targeted treatment, genetic resistance breeding.

Symptoms: Weakness, abortion, lack of coordination. Treatment: Antibiotics, such as doxycycline. Prevention: Vaccination in some regions, hygiene during calving, pasteurization of dairy products.

Symptoms: Decreased appetite, milk production drop, sweet-smelling breath. Treatment: Glucose precursors, dietary adjustments. Prevention: Proper feeding strategy, monitor body condition, post-calving nutrition.

Symptoms: Fever, lameness, reluctance to move. Treatment: Anti-inflammatory drugs, support to stand. Prevention: Vaccination where available, vector control.