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Presence of pathogens can spread disease, affect growth, reproduction, and milk production.

TDS indicates the concentration of dissolved minerals which can affect palatability and health.

Hardness is caused by calcium and magnesium, and high levels can affect animal health and equipment.

High BOD indicates organic matter pollution, which can decrease oxygen levels affecting animal health.

Fluoride at high concentrations can lead to dental and skeletal issues in livestock.

Nitrate levels should be low as high concentrations can cause oxygen depletion in blood, leading to death.

Heavy metals can be toxic, leading to health issues and accumulation in the food chain.

At high levels, ammonia is toxic to aquatic animals and can interfere with animal performance.

Oxygen levels in water are vital for the health of aquatic livestock like fish.

Algal blooms can produce toxins harmful to livestock and must be closely monitored.

Chloride is an essential electrolyte but in excess can lead to toxicity.

EC is an indirect measure of dissolved salts, indicating possible stress to animals.

High levels of sulfate can lead to laxative effects and reduced copper absorption.

pH measures the acidity/alkalinity of water, critical for digestive functions and metabolic processes.