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Maintains cellular function and aids in metabolic processes; readily available from natural sources or troughs.

Primary energy source; sources include corn and barley.

Energy dense nutrient and source of essential fatty acids; sources include oil seeds and fish oil.

Essential for enzyme activity and neuromuscular function; sources include magnesium oxide and forage crops.

Toxic compounds produced by molds, impact animal health and productivity; sources of exposure include contaminated grains and forages.

Building blocks of proteins; sources include meat and bone meal and canola meal.

Essential for oxygen transport in the blood; sources include ferrous sulfate and meat products.

Important for bone development and reproductive function; sources include manganese oxide and whole grains.

Important for blood clotting; sources include leafy green vegetables and synthetic forms in supplements.

Component of some amino acids and vitamins; sources include molasses and sulfate-containing mineral supplements.

Essential for growth and repair of tissues; sources include soybean meal and alfalfa.

Fundamental for maintaining fluid balance and HCL production in stomach; sources are often in conjunction with sodium as salt.

Involved in iron metabolism and coat pigmentation; sources include copper sulfate and trace mineral blocks.

Essential amino acid for growth and tissue repair; sources include lysine supplements and legume seeds.

Part of Vitamin B12, essential for ruminant microbial health; sources include cobalt carbonate and fortified mineral mixes.

Short-chain fatty acid important for gut health and energy; sources include butyrate supplements and gut fermentation byproducts.

Acts as an antioxidant and supports immune function; sources include fresh forage and synthetic supplements.

Essential amino acid important for feathering in poultry and overall protein synthesis; sources include methionine supplements and fish meal.

Used to stabilize rumen pH and improve fermentation; sources include proprietary yeast culture supplements.

Works with calcium to maintain skeletal structure; sources include dicalcium phosphate and bone meal.

Critical for thyroid function; common sources include iodized salt and seaweed.

Aids in digestion and gut health; sources include hay and silage.

Essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption; sources include sun-cured hay and vitamin D supplements.

Important for bone development and muscle function; sources include limestone and dicalcium phosphate.

Essential for growth and reproductive health; sources include corn oil and poultry fat.

Aid in nutrient digestion and feed efficiency; sources include enzyme supplements and natural secretion by animal digestive systems.

Essential for vision and immune function; sources include green forage and vitamin A supplements.

Beneficial microbes that improve gut flora and animal health; sources include fermented feeds and commercial probiotic supplements.

Precursor of vitamin A; important for fertility and immunity; sources include green forage and carrots.

Important for skin health and immune function; sources include zinc oxide and fortified feeds.

Beneficial for reducing inflammation and improving reproductive performance; sources include flaxseed and fish oil.

Non-digestible feed ingredients that stimulate growth of beneficial bacteria; sources include inulin and oligosaccharides.

Essential for fluid balance and nerve function; sources include forages and molasses.

Important for osmoregulation and acid-base balance; common sources include salt blocks and mineral mixes.

Essential for skeletal structure and enzyme functions; sources include limestone and salt blocks.

Important coenzymes in metabolism; sources include rumen microbial synthesis and fortified feeds.

Antioxidant that also aids in collagen synthesis; most livestock synthesize it, but it can also be found in fresh fruits.

Important for metabolic processes; sources include forage and vitamin supplements.