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Livestock Anatomy
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Reticulum
The second stomach chamber in ruminants, where smaller food particles are collected and formed into cuds.
Snout
The part of an animal's head that projects forward and includes the nose, mouth, and jaws.
Horn
A pointed projection on the head of certain livestock, composed of a core of bone encased in a layer of keratin.
Hoof
The hard protective outer covering of the feet of certain animals, composed primarily of keratin.
Dewlap
A loose flap of skin that hangs beneath the lower jaw or neck of an animal, thought to aid in thermoregulation.
Gaskin
The part of a horse's hind leg between the stifle and the hock, known as the lower thigh.
Sheath
A protective tubular casing for the penis in male livestock, which also helps maintain cleanliness.
Stifle
A joint in the hind legs of quadrupeds, equivalent to the human knee, located where the femur and tibia meet.
Dock
The solid part of the tail in an animal, particularly in quadrupeds, which continues the line of the spine.
Abomasum
The fourth stomach chamber in ruminants that functions as the true stomach, secreting digestive enzymes.
Rumen
A large stomach chamber in ruminants where symbiotic bacteria digest cellulose.
Haunch
The loins and the buttocks in animals, particularly the muscular area around the hips.
Tail
The posterior elongated part of an animal's body, extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body.
Fetlock
The joint between the cannon bone and the pastern on the legs of horses and similar animals, sometimes inaccurately called the 'ankle'.
Crest
In equines, the upper part of the neck where the mane grows; it can indicate the state of health and mood.
Cannon Bone
The large bone in the leg of a horse or other ungulates, located between the knee and fetlock, equivalent to the third metacarpal or metatarsal in humans.
Muzzle
The projecting part of the face of an animal, including the nose and mouth.
Withers
The highest part of an animal's back, located between the shoulder blades, used as a measurement point for height.
Hock
The tarsal joint in the hind leg of a horse and other quadrupeds, equivalent to the human ankle.
Poll
The area immediately behind or on top of the skulls of some hoofed animals, often a reference point for fitting headgear.
Omasum
The third compartment of a ruminant's stomach that absorbs water and nutrients from food.
Pastern
The part of a hoofed animal's leg below the fetlock, comprised of the long and short pastern bones.
Croup
The area of the backline that extends from the hip to the base of the tail in quadrupeds.
Wattles
Pairs of fleshly appendages beneath the chin or neck in some goats and other animals, possibly used for sensory functions or sexual selection.
Loin
The part of a meat animal between the rib and hip, which is a prime cut for beef and pork.
Pin Bone
The more prominent of the two bones at the rear of the pelvic girdle in cows and other livestock.
Paralumbar fossa
The hollow area on the flanks of ruminants, just behind the last rib and before the hip, which can indicate the health status of the animal.
Udder
A mammary organ consisting of teats and glands, found in female cattle and other animals, which produces milk.
Brisket
The area between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum, which is often more pronounced in beef breeds.
Teat
The projection from the udder or mammary glands of female mammals through which milk is delivered to offspring.
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