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Livestock Anatomy
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Rumen
A large stomach chamber in ruminants where symbiotic bacteria digest cellulose.
Reticulum
The second stomach chamber in ruminants, where smaller food particles are collected and formed into cuds.
Omasum
The third compartment of a ruminant's stomach that absorbs water and nutrients from food.
Abomasum
The fourth stomach chamber in ruminants that functions as the true stomach, secreting digestive enzymes.
Hoof
The hard protective outer covering of the feet of certain animals, composed primarily of keratin.
Udder
A mammary organ consisting of teats and glands, found in female cattle and other animals, which produces milk.
Horn
A pointed projection on the head of certain livestock, composed of a core of bone encased in a layer of keratin.
Dewlap
A loose flap of skin that hangs beneath the lower jaw or neck of an animal, thought to aid in thermoregulation.
Snout
The part of an animal's head that projects forward and includes the nose, mouth, and jaws.
Tail
The posterior elongated part of an animal's body, extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body.
Muzzle
The projecting part of the face of an animal, including the nose and mouth.
Withers
The highest part of an animal's back, located between the shoulder blades, used as a measurement point for height.
Crest
In equines, the upper part of the neck where the mane grows; it can indicate the state of health and mood.
Cannon Bone
The large bone in the leg of a horse or other ungulates, located between the knee and fetlock, equivalent to the third metacarpal or metatarsal in humans.
Fetlock
The joint between the cannon bone and the pastern on the legs of horses and similar animals, sometimes inaccurately called the 'ankle'.
Hock
The tarsal joint in the hind leg of a horse and other quadrupeds, equivalent to the human ankle.
Haunch
The loins and the buttocks in animals, particularly the muscular area around the hips.
Poll
The area immediately behind or on top of the skulls of some hoofed animals, often a reference point for fitting headgear.
Croup
The area of the backline that extends from the hip to the base of the tail in quadrupeds.
Wattles
Pairs of fleshly appendages beneath the chin or neck in some goats and other animals, possibly used for sensory functions or sexual selection.
Gaskin
The part of a horse's hind leg between the stifle and the hock, known as the lower thigh.
Stifle
A joint in the hind legs of quadrupeds, equivalent to the human knee, located where the femur and tibia meet.
Brisket
The area between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum, which is often more pronounced in beef breeds.
Pastern
The part of a hoofed animal's leg below the fetlock, comprised of the long and short pastern bones.
Dock
The solid part of the tail in an animal, particularly in quadrupeds, which continues the line of the spine.
Sheath
A protective tubular casing for the penis in male livestock, which also helps maintain cleanliness.
Pin Bone
The more prominent of the two bones at the rear of the pelvic girdle in cows and other livestock.
Paralumbar fossa
The hollow area on the flanks of ruminants, just behind the last rib and before the hip, which can indicate the health status of the animal.
Loin
The part of a meat animal between the rib and hip, which is a prime cut for beef and pork.
Teat
The projection from the udder or mammary glands of female mammals through which milk is delivered to offspring.
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