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Tissue culture is the growth of plant tissues in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium, allowing for the rapid multiplication of disease-free plants.

Biofortification is the process of enhancing the nutritional value of crops through biotechnology, leading to improved health outcomes for consumers.

Enzymes are used to improve various agricultural processes, including enhancing feed digestibility in livestock or increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses.

RNAi is used to silence specific genes in pests and pathogens which can protect crops from diseases and pests without harming other organisms.

Biopesticides are derived from natural materials like animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. They target specific pests, reduce environmental impact, and prevent resistance build-up.

Synthetic biology involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new abilities. It can create crops that are better adapted to environmental stresses.

These are techniques to detect and quantify pathogens in crops using molecular tools, aiding in early disease detection and prevention strategies for healthier agriculture.

Biofertilizers are natural fertilizers that use living microorganisms to convert atmospheric nitrogen to plant-usable forms, improving soil fertility and decreasing the need for chemical fertilizers.

Using microorganisms to reduce, eliminate, or transform pollutants in soil, bioremediation can rehabilitate areas with chemical or pesticide contamination, promoting sustainable agriculture.

GMOs are crops with altered DNA to express desirable traits like pest resistance or drought tolerance, benefiting agriculture by increasing yields and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides.

This technique uses molecular markers to select desirable traits in plants, speeding up the breeding process and leading to the development of superior crop varieties.

Similar to vaccines for animals, plant vaccines help induce resistance against pathogens, thereby decreasing disease prevalence and chemical treatment need.

This involves modifying crop genetics to exhibit desired agronomic traits like height, root structure, and nutrient uptake efficiency, improving crop resilience and performance.

CRISPR-Cas9 allows precise editing of DNA to develop crops with specific traits such as improved nutrition or shelf-life, enhancing food security and reducing waste.