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Organic Farming Inputs for Tropics

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Animal Manure

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Used as a soil amendment for improving soil fertility; adds essential nutrients and organic matter back into the soil, improving structure and water retention.

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Green Manure

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Involves the use of cover crops that are plowed into the soil to improve its organic matter and nutrient content; helps with erosion control, and soil structure.

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Compost

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Generated from decomposed organic waste; provides a nutrient-rich soil conditioner, promoting soil microfauna and flora, which supports plant growth.

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Biochar

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Charcoal-like material made from biomass and used in soil amendment; it improves nutrient and water retention in soil, aiding in sequestering carbon and reducing greenhouse emissions.

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Vermicompost

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Product of the decomposition process using various species of worms; creates a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.

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Bone Meal

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A mixture of finely and coarsely ground animal bones; it is an excellent source of phosphorus and protein, with a slow-release form that aids in root and plant growth over time.

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Blood Meal

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Dried and powdered animal blood; used as a high-nitrogen fertilizer as well as a deterrent for certain types of pests in the garden.

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Fish Emulsion

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A fast-acting organic liquid fertilizer made from the byproducts of fish processing; it's a good source of nitrogen and phosphorus and is easily absorbable by plants.

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Rock Phosphate

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Natural mineral sourced from rock deposits; used for its high phosphorus content, essential for the development of roots, flowers, and fruits in crops, although it breaks down slowly.

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Molasses

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By-product of sugar refining; used as a soil conditioner and as part of liquid fertilizers or compost tea. It can stimulate microbial activity when added to compost or used in soil drenches.

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Seaweed Extract

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Extracted from marine algae; acts as a biofertilizer that supplies trace minerals and natural growth hormones to plants, enhances resistance to pests, and conditions the soil.

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Guano

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Bird or bat excrement; an excellent source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it also helps enrich the soil with beneficial microbes improving fertility and structure.

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Cottonseed Meal

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A by-product of cotton manufacturing; it slowly releases nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and acidifies the soil - beneficial for acid-loving crops.

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Worm Castings

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Earthworm excrement; used in soil improvement for water retention, nutrient availability and to increase microbial activity which benefits plant growth.

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Epsom Salts

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Magnesium sulfate; can correct magnesium or sulfur deficiencies in soil, promote chlorophyll production, and improve nutrient uptake.

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Wood Ash

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Collected from burned wood; provides potassium and calcium carbonate that can increase soil pH and help plants grow if the soil is too acidic.

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Soybean Meal

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A product of soybean oil production; works as a slow-releasing, all-natural fertilizer providing nitrogen necessary for plant growth.

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Leaf Mold

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Decomposed leaves; used as a soil conditioner that improves water holding capacity, and fosters a healthy soil biological community.

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Alfalfa Meal

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Ground alfalfa plants; utilized as a fertilizer it provides slow-release nitrogen as well as trace minerals and stimulates compost microbial activity.

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Feather Meal

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Made from processed poultry feathers; primarily used as a source of slow-release nitrogen that is beneficial for leafy plant growth over a long period.

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Neem Cake

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Residue left after extracting oil from neem seeds; used as a natural fertilizer and for controlling soil pests and diseases due to its antifungal and nematicidal properties.

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Cowpea

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Sown as a green manure crop; improves soil fertility by fixing nitrogen and adding organic matter when incorporated back into the soil.

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Bat Guano

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Bat excrement; it differs from bird guano by typically having a higher nitrogen content, making it a potent fertilizer that improves soil structure.

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Poultry Litter

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A mixture of poultry manure and sawdust/straw; used as a fertilizer providing a balanced array of nutrients and improving soil texture and organic content.

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Mushroom Compost

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Residual compost waste from mushroom farming; serves as a soil conditioner with rich organic material that can improve soil structure and nutrient content.

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Azolla (Water Fern)

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A water fern that fixes nitrogen; used as a biofertilizer particularly in rice paddies, contributing to reduced use of synthetic fertilizers.

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Rice Hulls

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The protective coverings of rice grains; when added to soil, they improve aeration and drainage, and slowly decompose to add nutrients back to the soil.

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Peat Moss

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Partially decomposed sphagnum moss; used for its ability to retain moisture and aerate the soil. However, its use is controversial due to environmental concerns involving peatland ecosystem sustainability.

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Sulfate of Potash

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Potassium sulfate; provides potassium and sulfur, which are vital for plant health, flower, and fruit formation without affecting soil pH as much as other potassium sources.

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Leguminous Crop Residues

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Remains of crops such as beans and lentils; when plowed back into the field, they improve soil nitrogen levels and organic matter, enhancing soil fertility and structure.

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