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Planting along the natural contours of the land to form water-retaining barriers, reducing the speed of water runoff and increasing water infiltration into the soil.

Collecting and storing rainwater for irrigation and other uses to minimize dependency on other water sources, especially beneficial during dry spells in tropical regions.

Integrating trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock to create a system that conserves water through shading and improved soil structure, which helps in water retention.

Process of removing salt from seawater or brackish water to produce fresh water for irrigation, which can be an alternative source especially in coastal tropical regions.

Applying water to crops at specific intervals instead of continuous application, allowing for periods of soil aeration and improved water use efficiency in wet tropical areas.

Delivering water directly to the plant roots through a system of tubes and emitters, reducing water waste due to evaporation and runoff common in tropical climates.

Watering in short intervals to allow the soil to absorb water more effectively, reducing runoff and promoting efficient water use in heavy soils typical to some tropical regions.

Irrigation method where water is delivered below the surface of the soil, directly to the root zone, reducing evaporation and limiting water loss in hot and humid tropical climates.

A field layout where crops are planted on ridges with furrows in between that act as water-conducting channels, which can be managed to optimize water use and reduce wastage.

Applying organic or inorganic materials on the soil surface to reduce evaporation, control soil temperature, and prevent weed growth, thereby reducing the need for frequent irrigation.

Using multiple techniques for pest control to reduce reliance on water-intensive practices like flooding fields, which is both economically and ecologically beneficial for tropical farming.

Planting crops that cover the soil surface to improve soil moisture conservation, reduce erosion, and enhance soil health, which in turn reduces the need for supplemental irrigation.

Planting rows of trees or shrubs to protect fields from strong winds, which can reduce soil erosion and evaporation of water from the soil surface and plant leaves.

The practice of calculating and allocating the optimal amount of water for crop growth based on various factors such as plant requirements and rainfall, promoting responsible water use.

A type of irrigation that uses low pressure and low flow rates through small diameter tubes to deliver water directly to the base of plants, thus reducing water usage.

Applying water below the full crop water requirements during certain growth stages to conserve water without significantly affecting yield, especially effective in areas with predictable rainfall patterns.

Creating stepped terrace fields on slopes to slow down water runoff and erosion, allowing for more effective water infiltration and retention, especially in hilly tropical regions.

Using solar energy to power irrigation systems, which is sustainable and can reduce the energy costs of pumping and distributing water in remote tropical farming locations.

Reducing tillage or modifying tilling practices to maintain organic soil cover, which decreases soil erosion and evaporation rates, thereby conserving soil moisture.