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Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s interest and to add complexity to the visual expression.

Dominance gives a painting interest, counteracting confusion and monotony. Dominance can be applied to one or more of the elements to give emphasis.

Harmony is achieved in a composition by similar, but not identical, elements. These elements consistent with each other creating a visual relationship.

Transformation is the process of changing the appearance of an element or composition over time.

Balance involves arranging elements so that no one part of the work overpowers or seems heavier than any other part. It creates a sense of stability.

Hierarchy influences the order in which the human eye perceives what it sees. This is often created by visual contrast between forms in a composition.

Scale refers to the size of an object in relationship to another object in a composition.

Alignment is the arrangement of elements along a line or a visual axis to create order in a composition.

Repetition is a method of creating harmony, consistency, and cohesion in a composition through repeating elements

Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work creating a sense of rhythm in the artwork.

Contrast is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer's attention and to guide the viewer's eye through the artwork.

Movement is the path the viewer's eye takes through the artwork, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shapes, and color.

Unity in art is the feeling that all the components of a piece work together to create a cohesive, complete and self-contained composition.

Rhythm creates a movement which is often achieved through the careful placement of repeated elements which can create a sense of timing in visual art.

Proportion is the feeling of unity when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

Directional forces in a composition guide the viewer's eye in a predetermined path through the composition, often to points of emphasis.

Isolation is a technique used to separate or single out a particular element from other components in a composition, drawing special attention to it.

Anomaly means breaking the uniformity or consistency in the composition to create focus and interest.

Emphasis is used to draw attention to one area of the work, often creating a focal point.