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Perspective and Dimension in Art
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Foreshortening
A technique used in perspective to create the illusion of an object receding strongly into the distance or background.
Isometric Perspective
A method of depicting three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, using parallel lines to transmit scales but not to converge at a point.
Multi-Point Perspective
An extension of two-point and three-point perspective techniques where more than three vanishing points are used to create complex shapes and angles.
Chiaroscuro
An Italian term that literally translates to 'light-dark'; in art, it refers to the strong contrast between light and shadow to give the illusion of three-dimensional forms.
Sfumato
A Renaissance painting technique developed by Leonardo da Vinci, sfumato is characterized by soft, blended transitions between colors and tones, intended to eliminate harsh lines.
Atmospheric Perspective
Also known as aerial perspective, this technique creates the illusion of depth by gradually changing the color and clarity of objects intended to be perceived as distant.
Three-Point Perspective
A perspective system with three vanishing points: two on the horizon and one either above or below, creating a sense of height as well as width and depth.
Two-Point Perspective
A drawing method that shows how objects appear smaller as they get further away, converging towards two separate vanishing points on the horizon line.
Linear Perspective
A mathematical system for projecting the apparent dimensions of a three-dimensional object onto a flat surface. It involves creating a horizon line and vanishing points to simulate depth.
Expressive Perspective
Rather than adhering to the mathematical rules of perspective, this type uses distortion to convey emotion or emphasize certain aspects of the composition.
Zero-Point Perspective
Perspective representation without any vanishing points, often used to depict vast spaces such as deserts or oceans where no clear lines of perspective can be seen.
Trompe-l'oeil
French for 'deceive the eye', trompe-l'oeil is an art technique involving extremely realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that depicted objects exist in three dimensions.
One-Point Perspective
A perspective technique in which all lines converge on a single point on the horizon. This point is the central point of the perspective drawing.
Curvilinear Perspective
A type of perspective with curved lines used to represent three-dimensional space, as seen in spherical or fisheye views.
Reverse Perspective
A perspective in which the lines that appear to be parallel in the real world converge away from the viewer, often used in Byzantine and Russian icon paintings.
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