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Perspective and Dimension in Art

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Foreshortening

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A technique used in perspective to create the illusion of an object receding strongly into the distance or background.

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Isometric Perspective

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A method of depicting three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, using parallel lines to transmit scales but not to converge at a point.

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Multi-Point Perspective

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An extension of two-point and three-point perspective techniques where more than three vanishing points are used to create complex shapes and angles.

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Chiaroscuro

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An Italian term that literally translates to 'light-dark'; in art, it refers to the strong contrast between light and shadow to give the illusion of three-dimensional forms.

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Sfumato

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A Renaissance painting technique developed by Leonardo da Vinci, sfumato is characterized by soft, blended transitions between colors and tones, intended to eliminate harsh lines.

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Atmospheric Perspective

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Also known as aerial perspective, this technique creates the illusion of depth by gradually changing the color and clarity of objects intended to be perceived as distant.

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Three-Point Perspective

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A perspective system with three vanishing points: two on the horizon and one either above or below, creating a sense of height as well as width and depth.

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Two-Point Perspective

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A drawing method that shows how objects appear smaller as they get further away, converging towards two separate vanishing points on the horizon line.

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Linear Perspective

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A mathematical system for projecting the apparent dimensions of a three-dimensional object onto a flat surface. It involves creating a horizon line and vanishing points to simulate depth.

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Expressive Perspective

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Rather than adhering to the mathematical rules of perspective, this type uses distortion to convey emotion or emphasize certain aspects of the composition.

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Zero-Point Perspective

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Perspective representation without any vanishing points, often used to depict vast spaces such as deserts or oceans where no clear lines of perspective can be seen.

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Trompe-l'oeil

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French for 'deceive the eye', trompe-l'oeil is an art technique involving extremely realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that depicted objects exist in three dimensions.

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One-Point Perspective

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A perspective technique in which all lines converge on a single point on the horizon. This point is the central point of the perspective drawing.

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Curvilinear Perspective

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A type of perspective with curved lines used to represent three-dimensional space, as seen in spherical or fisheye views.

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Reverse Perspective

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A perspective in which the lines that appear to be parallel in the real world converge away from the viewer, often used in Byzantine and Russian icon paintings.

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