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The study of subject matter in the visual arts and the symbolic meanings behind them, often within historical context.

Uses theories of psychology to interpret art, frequently drawing on Freudian or Jungian principles to understand the subconscious meanings.

An approach that interprets artworks in the context of class struggles, economic systems, and ideological instruments.

Approach that relates the artist's life and experiences to the interpretation of their artwork.

A critical method in art criticism focusing on the visual elements of an artwork such as composition, color, line, texture, etc., and how they interact.

Evaluates an artwork based on the social, political, and economic circumstances of its creation

A perspective in art criticism that examines artworks from the viewpoint of gender roles, representation, and power dynamics.

A critique that deconstructs previous theories about art, emphasizing the fluidity of meaning and questioning universal truths.

An art criticism approach that focuses on understanding the underlying structures that shape the creation and reception of artworks.

A philosophical approach that dismantles traditional forms of criticism and challenges the idea of fixed meaning in a text or an artwork.

A philosophical method that considers the direct experience and perception of the viewer as critical in interpreting and understanding art.

Art criticism that explores the relationship between art and the natural environment, often highlighting environmental concerns within artworks.

Approach that focuses on the reader's experience of a text and argues that meaning is created through the interaction between the reader and the artwork.

Method of criticism that challenges normative notions of gender and sexuality and examines queer representation in art.

Examines the impacts of colonialism on cultures and societies and its representation in the arts, focusing on power, identity, and resistance.

The study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior; the analysis of systems of communication, as language, gestures, or clothing.

Analyzes the representation and influence of race and racism in cultural expressions, including geographical, social, and historical contexts.

Analyzes the interrelationship between texts and the shaping of a text's meaning by other texts. This can be applied to the study of references within visual art.

Art criticism that advocates for the representation and significance of diverse cultural perspectives in artworks.