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Art that uses words and letters as the primary artistic expressions. Example: Barbara Kruger's slogan-based works.

Art that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of visual reality but instead uses shapes, colors, forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect. Example: The works of Piet Mondrian.

Art that involves the spectator in a way that the artwork's completion coincides with the viewer's involvement. Example: Rafael Lozano-Hemmer's 'Pulse Room'.

Large-scale outdoor artworks that are created by altering the natural landscape. Example: Robert Smithson's 'Spiral Jetty'.

Art that is created with living, changing organisms, such as bacteria or living tissue. Example: Eduardo Kac's 'GFP Bunny'.

Similar to collage but includes three-dimensional elements and found objects. Example: The constructed box series by Joseph Cornell.

Art created by an algorithm, often with minimal input from the artist beyond the conceptual stage. Example: The generative art by Manfred Mohr.

A technique involving the combination of various materials, such as paper, photographs, and fabric, glued to a surface. Example: The work of Hannah Höch pioneering collage in Dada art.

Artistic discipline in which sound is utilised as a primary medium. Example: Max Neuhaus's sound installations.

Art that is informed by systems theory and that explores cybernetics—often including robotic elements or interactive environments. Example: Nicolas Schöffer's cybernetic sculptures.

Artistic works that use moving images in a gallery or museum context. Example: Nam June Paik's video sculptures.

Sculpture where the idea or concept behind the work is more important than the finished art object. Example: Sol LeWitt's 'Open Geometric Structures'.

Photography used to convey an idea or concept rather than to illustrate a subject. Example: Cindy Sherman's 'Untitled Film Stills'.

Art that uses the human body as a medium, including tattoos, body painting, and piercings. Example: Yves Klein's 'Anthropometries' series.

A technique of obtaining a textured impression by rubbing graphite or crayon over a surface placed on a textured object. Example: Max Ernst's surrealist frottages.

East Asian type of brush painting that uses black ink—the same as used in East Asian calligraphy, in various concentrations. Example: Traditional Chinese Shan Shui paintings.

Art form focusing on human relations and their social context rather than on objects in an art gallery. Example: Rirkrit Tiravanija's 'Untitled (Free)'.

An artistic genre of three-dimensional works designed to transform the perception of a space. Example: Christo and Jeanne-Claude's 'The Gates'.

Live-action art where the artist's actions become the medium. Example: Marina Abramović's 'The Artist Is Present'.

Art that uses the internet as its primary medium or platform for artistic expression and interaction. Example: The online work of Olia Lialina.

Artistic work that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process. Example: The virtual reality installations by Olafur Eliasson.

Art that uses the postal system as a medium, sending small artworks, postcards or letters that are often collaborative or participatory. Example: Ray Johnson's correspondence art.

A style of painting characterized by energetic, expressive brushstrokes that are believed to reveal the artist's emotions or state of mind. Example: Jackson Pollock's drip paintings.

Art created from undisguised, but often modified, objects that are not normally considered art. Example: Marcel Duchamp's 'Fountain'.

An interaction with a previously existing artwork, audience, venue/space or situation. Example: Ai Weiwei's 'Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn'.

A technique in which a template is used to create an outline for a particular shape or image, enabling its replication. Example: The street art by Blek le Rat.

Writing where the concept or process involved in creating the writing is more important than the actual written content. Example: Kenneth Goldsmith's 'Uncreative Writing'.

Small-circulation, self-published works of original or appropriated texts and images, often reproduced via photocopy. Example: Work by Mark Pawson.

Visual art created in public locations, usually unsanctioned artwork executed outside of the context of traditional art venues. Example: The works of Banksy.