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Astronauts maintain peak physical condition through daily workouts that include cardiovascular and strength training to withstand the rigors of space travel.

Astronauts use flight simulators to practice launching, docking, and other spacecraft maneuvers, allowing them to rehearse for various in-flight scenarios.

Astronauts practice operating the Canadarm and other robotic devices they will use to move supplies, equipment, and even astronauts during space missions.

Training focused on activities done outside a spacecraft, such as spacewalking. It includes using tools in a pressurized suit and maneuvering in a simulated space environment.

As international missions often involve Russian spacecraft and components, astronauts are required to learn Russian to communicate effectively with international partners.

Astronauts learn the ISS layout, how to operate its systems and equipment, and emergency procedures, to prepare for living and working onboard.

Astronauts train in a large swimming pool to simulate the microgravity of space. Activities include handling tools and practicing repairs on underwater mock-ups of spacecraft.

Training to survive in wilderness or isolated environments in case of an emergency landing. Skills taught include finding food, water, and making shelter.

Astronauts fly high-speed jet aircraft to develop flight skills, quick decision-making, and to experience dynamic flight conditions similar to spacecraft.