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Unmanned Mars Missions
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Mars Express
Launched in 2003; Goals: Search for subsurface water, study the atmosphere and surface, and deploy the Beagle 2 lander
InSight
Launched in 2018; Goals: Study the interior structure and processes of Mars, determine rate of Martian tectonic activity
Viking 1
Launched in 1975; Goals: Search for signs of life, characterize Martian surface and atmosphere
MAVEN
Launched in 2013; Goals: Study the Martian upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the sun and solar wind
Perseverance
Launched in 2020; Goals: Search for signs of ancient microbial life, collect rock and soil samples for possible return to Earth
2001 Mars Odyssey
Launched in 2001; Goals: Map chemical elements and minerals on Mars, search for evidence of past or present water and ice
Viking 2
Launched in 1975; Goals: Search for signs of life, characterize Martian surface and atmosphere
Curiosity (Mars Science Laboratory)
Launched in 2011; Goals: Determine Mars' habitability, study Martian climate and geology, and collect data for human mission
Mars Global Surveyor
Launched in 1996; Goals: Map the Martian surface globally, monitor global weather, and study the planet's interior
Mars Pathfinder
Launched in 1996; Goals: Demonstrate low-cost lander technology, analyze Martian geology, meteorology, and the role of water on Mars
Opportunity (MER-B)
Launched in 2003; Goals: Search for evidence of past water, study soil and rock composition, and assess Mars' geological history
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Launched in 2005; Goals: Seek out the history of water on Mars, study the planet's atmosphere and terrain from orbit
Phoenix Mars Lander
Launched in 2007; Goals: Study the Martian arctic soil and search for conditions conducive to microbial life
Spirit (MER-A)
Launched in 2003; Goals: Search for and characterize a variety of rocks and soils that may hold clues to past water activity
Hope Probe (Emirates Mars Mission)
Launched in 2020; Goals: Provide a complete picture of the Martian atmosphere, study climate dynamics and global weather map
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