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A device that measures and reports a spacecraft's velocity, orientation, and gravitational forces, using a combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes.

A device for determining the orientation of a spacecraft by measuring its position relative to stars.

An instrument that measures ultraviolet light to help determine the composition and structure of upper planetary atmospheres and auroras.

An instrument that separates and measures spectral components of the light it measures, used in determining the composition of stars, planets, and other celestial objects.

An instrument used to measure altitude of an object above a fixed level, used by spacecraft to determine height above a planetary surface, often utilizing radar or laser technology.

An instrument that measures the intensity of light, used for studying the brightness and variations of light emitted by celestial bodies.

An instrument that detects plasma waves and helps to understand plasma processes in space, including solar wind interactions and magnetosphere boundary layers.

A device that measures magnetic fields, often used to determine spacecraft orientation relative to Earth's magnetic field.

An instrument used to measure gravitational force, which can reveal the distribution of mass inside a planet or moon.

An experiment that uses radio waves to study the atmosphere, rings, and gravity field of planets, by observing the changes in the frequency of the radio waves caused by the Doppler effect.

An instrument used for detecting and measuring gamma radiation, often used to study the most energetic phenomena in the universe like supernovae, black holes, and neutron stars.

An instrument for measuring the intensity or power of electromagnetic radiation, often used in space to study the Earth's atmosphere, surface temperature, and composition.

A form of radar used to create two-dimensional images or three-dimensional reconstructions of landscapes, often used on Earth observation satellites.

An instrument that detects charged particles like protons and electrons, often used to study solar winds, cosmic rays, and the magnetosphere of planets.