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Observing astronomical phenomena by combining information from different 'messengers', such as electromagnetic radiation, gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. Used for a comprehensive understanding of cosmic events.

Observation of celestial objects that emit radio waves. Used to study celestial objects at radio frequencies including galaxies, nebulas, and radio sources.

Observing the light from an astronomical object in multiple wavelength bands simultaneously. Used to determine physical properties like temperature and age of celestial objects.

A technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effect of wavefront distortions. It enables ground-based telescopes to achieve image clarity comparable to space telescopes.

The study of objects and phenomena that change with time. Used to detect transient events like supernovae, variable stars, and exoplanet transits.

Technique where waves, usually electromagnetic, are superimposed to extract information about the waves. In astronomy, used to improve the resolution of astronomical images.

Exploration of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the remnant radiation from the Big Bang. Used to understand the early universe and its subsequent evolution.

Observing celestial phenomena in the ultraviolet (UV) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Used to study the hottest stars and regions of star formation.

Measures the position and movements of celestial bodies. Used to determine distances, proper motions, and to infer masses of celestial objects.

Observational technique focused on infrared radiation to study objects that are not sufficiently hot to emit visible light. Used to observe cool stars, planets, and dust clouds.

Traditional form of astronomy using visible light. Used for general observation of celestial objects such as stars, nebulae, and galaxies.

Astronomy conducted using telescopes and other instruments that are located in space. Used to eliminate atmospheric interference and observe across a wider range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Various methods used to detect and characterize planets outside our solar system. Includes radial velocity measurements, transits, direct imaging, and gravitational microlensing.

The study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength or frequency. Used to determine chemical compositions, temperatures, and radial velocities.

The study of the Sun and its interactions with the Solar System and interstellar space. Uses various observational techniques to understand solar phenomena such as sunspots, flares, and coronal mass ejections.

Observations of the high-energy part of the spectrum, including X-rays and gamma rays. Used to study high-energy processes and states of matter, like those found near black holes and neutron stars.

Measurement of infrared radiation emitted by objects due to their temperature. Used to study warmer objects in space, like dust-shrouded stars and planetary atmospheres.