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An expanded, cool outer envelope and a hotter core; lasts for millions to hundreds of millions of years.

Helium-core burning for medium-mass stars; duration is around 100 million years.

Expelled outer shell of a red giant visible for about 10,000 to 20,000 years.

Massive stars with extremely high luminosity and mass loss due to strong stellar winds; short-lived, lasting only a few million years.

A late evolutionary stage of massive stars, characterized by strong winds that shed the outer layers; duration is a few hundred thousand years.

A dense, cooling stellar remnant; can cool for billions of years.

A region of space with gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape; theoretically can last indefinitely.

A collapsing cloud of dust and gas before nuclear fusion starts; duration varies from 100,000 to a few million years.

A highly dense remnant created by the collapse of a star after a supernova; can persist for millions to billions of years.

A very large star with high luminosity; duration varies widely but is generally a few million years.

A stable period of hydrogen fusion in the core; duration from 10 million to 10 billion years depending on mass.

A hypothetical end state of a white dwarf once it has cooled and no longer emits light; duration is longer than the current age of the Universe.

Characterized by a double shell-burning phase of hydrogen and helium; lasts about a few million years.

A massive star that exhibits high luminosity and a high surface temperature; much shorter lifespan than a main sequence star, only a few tens of millions of years.