Discover published sets by community

Sunspots are cooler, darker areas on the surface of the sun caused by magnetic activity. They can affect Earth by disrupting satellite and communication systems when intense.

The solar constant is the amount of incoming solar electromagnetic radiation per unit area. It is measured on the outer surface of Earth's atmosphere in a plane perpendicular to the rays. The value is approximately $1361 \text{ W/m}^2$. Variations can affect Earth's climate.

Solar wind is a stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the sun. It influences Earth's magnetosphere and can lead to auroras and satellite drag.

The Heliosphere is the bubble-like region of space dominated by the solar wind and magnetic field of the sun. It protects the solar system from most of the galactic cosmic radiation.

Solar prominences are large, bright features extending outward from the sun's surface, often in a loop shape. They are associated with magnetic field lines and can lead to coronal mass ejections.

Solar flares are sudden increases in brightness caused by magnetic energy released on the sun. They can lead to radio blackouts and damage to satellites and astronaut health risks.

CMEs are massive bursts of solar wind and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona or being released into space. They can cause severe geomagnetic storms and are a threat to power grids and electronic systems on Earth.

The solar cycle is the approximately 11-year cycle that marks the ebb and flow of solar activity. The solar maximum phase can increase the likelihood of solar storms which can affect Earth's satellites and power networks.

Coronal holes are regions of the corona where the sun's magnetic field opens up and allows solar wind to escape more easily, which can enhance geomagnetic activity on Earth.

The solar corona is the sun's outer atmosphere, characterized by high temperatures and low densities. Visible during a total solar eclipse, the corona can release CMEs and influence space weather.

The photosphere is the visible surface of the sun from which most of the sun's radiation escapes and it affects Earth's climate and day-to-day weather.

Auroras are natural light displays in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions. They are caused by the collision of solar wind and magnetospheric charged particles with the high altitude atmosphere.

Solar limb darkening is the gradual decrease in brightness from the center of the solar disk to the edge, or limb. This effect is due to the variation in temperature and viewing angle of the solar atmosphere.

Solar radiation pressure is the force exerted by solar radiation on objects in space. It affects satellite orbits and can be utilized by solar sail spacecraft for propulsion.