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Formula: $\text{Current Ratio} = \frac{\text{Current Assets}}{\text{Current Liabilities}}$. Interpretation: Measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations with short-term assets.

Formula: $\text{Quick Ratio} = \frac{\text{Current Assets} - \text{Inventory}}{\text{Current Liabilities}}$. Interpretation: Indicates a company's short-term liquidity without relying on inventory sales.

Formula: $\text{Debt-to-Equity Ratio} = \frac{\text{Total Liabilities}}{\text{Shareholder's Equity}}$. Interpretation: Shows the proportion of equity and debt a company uses to finance its assets.

Formula: $\text{ROE} = \frac{\text{Net Income}}{\text{Shareholder's Equity}}$. Interpretation: Measures profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested.

Formula: $\text{Gross Profit Margin} = \frac{\text{Gross Profit}}{\text{Revenue}}$. Interpretation: Reflects the efficiency of a company in managing its labor and supplies in the production process.

Formula: $\text{Operating Margin} = \frac{\text{Operating Income}}{\text{Revenue}}$. Interpretation: Measures the proportion of a company's revenue that is left over after paying for variable costs of production.

Formula: $\text{Net Profit Margin} = \frac{\text{Net Income}}{\text{Revenue}}$. Interpretation: Shows how much of each dollar earned by the company is translated into profits.

Formula: $\text{ROA} = \frac{\text{Net Income}}{\text{Total Assets}}$. Interpretation: Indicates how efficiently a company is using its assets to generate profits.

Formula: $\text{Inventory Turnover} = \frac{\text{Cost of Goods Sold}}{\text{Average Inventory}}$. Interpretation: Measures how often a company's inventory is sold and replaced over a period.

Formula: $\text{Accounts Receivable Turnover} = \frac{\text{Net Credit Sales}}{\text{Average Accounts Receivable}}$. Interpretation: Assesses how efficiently a firm is collecting revenue from its credit customers.

Formula: $\text{Asset Turnover Ratio} = \frac{\text{Net Sales}}{\text{Average Total Assets}}$. Interpretation: Reflects a company's ability to generate sales from its assets.

Formula: $\text{ROI} = \frac{\text{Net Income}}{\text{Total Investment}}$. Interpretation: Provides an understanding of the efficiency of an investment or to compare the efficiencies of several investments.

Formula: $\text{EPS} = \frac{\text{Net Income} - \text{Dividends on Preferred Stock}}{\text{Average Outstanding Shares}}$. Interpretation: Indicates how much money a company makes for each share of its stock.

Formula: $\text{P/E Ratio} = \frac{\text{Market Value per Share}}{\text{Earnings Per Share}}$. Interpretation: Indicates the dollar amount an investor can expect to invest in a company in order to receive one dollar of that company’s earnings.

Formula: $\text{Working Capital} = \text{Current Assets} - \text{Current Liabilities}$. Interpretation: Represents the short-term financial health and efficiency of a company.

Formula: $\text{Interest Coverage Ratio} = \frac{\text{Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)}}{\text{Interest Expenses}}$. Interpretation: Measures how easily a company can pay interest on its outstanding debt.

Formula: $\text{DSCR} = \frac{\text{Net Operating Income}}{\text{Total Debt Service}}$. Interpretation: Evaluates a company's ability to cover its debt payments with its net operating income.

Formula: $\text{Cash Ratio} = \frac{\text{Cash and Cash Equivalents}}{\text{Current Liabilities}}$. Interpretation: Indicates a company's ability to repay its short-term debt with cash or near-cash resources.

Formula: $\text{Times Interest Earned} = \frac{\text{Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)}}{\text{Interest Expense}}$. Interpretation: A metric used to measure a company's ability to meet its debt obligations.