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A term used in international shipping indicating that the seller is responsible for the goods until they are loaded on a ship chosen by the buyer.

A trade term requiring the seller to arrange for the carriage of goods by sea to a port of destination and provide the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain the goods from the carrier.

A trade term where the seller makes the goods available at their premises, and the buyer is responsible for all other costs and risks involved in taking the goods to their final destination.

A trade term where the seller bears all risks and costs associated with bringing the goods to the place of destination, including duty and taxes.

A trade term where the seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the buyer's disposal at a named terminal at the destination port or place.

A trade term where the seller is responsible for arranging carriage and for delivering the goods, ready for unloading at the named place of destination.

A series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce relating to international commercial law concerning the transportation of goods.

A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount.

A legal document between the shipper of goods and the carrier detailing the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried.

A tax imposed by a government on goods or services imported from other countries, which increases the cost of imported goods and services, making them less competitive within the market.

A government-imposed trade restriction that limits the number or monetary value of goods that can be imported or exported during a particular time frame.

Domestic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries) on another country (or countries) to stop or discourage the latter from engaging in a particular activity.

An economic measure of a negative balance of trade in which a country's imports exceed its exports.

An economic measure of a positive balance of trade in which a country's exports exceed its imports.