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Definition: The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. Significance: Indicates the overall economic health of a country and its growth rate.

Definition: The percentage of the total labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work. Significance: Serves as a measure of the labor market's health.

Definition: The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Significance: Central banks attempt to control inflation through monetary policy.

Definition: A measure of consumers' optimism regarding the state of the economy, reflected in their saving and spending activity. Significance: May signal changes in consumer spending patterns.

Definition: The difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports over a certain period. Significance: Indicates a country's trade surplus or deficit, affecting exchange rates.

Definition: The difference between government spending and revenue. A deficit occurs when spending exceeds revenue, and a surplus when revenue exceeds spending. Significance: Indicates a government's fiscal health and may influence its borrowing needs.

Definition: The amount charged by a lender to a borrower for the use of assets, expressed as a percentage of the principal. Significance: Central banks use interest rates to regulate monetary policy, affecting inflation and economic growth.

Definition: An economic indicator that measures the total receipts of retail stores. Significance: Acts as a gauge of consumer spending and confidence.

Definition: A measurement of the output of the industrial sector, which includes mining, manufacturing, and utilities. Significance: Indicates the level of production and capacity in the economy.

Definition: The number of new residential construction projects begun during a given period. Significance: Seen as a leading indicator of economic health because of the wide range of economic activities associated with home construction.

Definition: Measures changes in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. Significance: The most widely used measure of inflation.

Definition: Measures the average change in selling prices received by domestic producers for their output. Significance: Often used as a leading indicator for consumer inflation.

Definition: An index summarizing the opinions of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. Significance: Indicates the economic health of the sector and can signal expansion or contraction.

Definition: The market value of all products and services produced in one year by the labor and property supplied by the residents of a country. Significance: Represents the total output produced by the nationals of a country.

Definition: The value of a country's total exports minus the value of its total imports. Significance: Reflects the net trade balance of a country, influencing its current account and exchange rates.

Definition: The use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. Significance: A key tool for governments to regulate economic growth, combat inflation, and stimulate demand.

Definition: Central bank actions involving the management of interest rates and the total supply of money in circulation. Significance: Central to controlling inflation, managing employment levels, and influencing currency exchange rates.

Definition: A survey that assesses the level of optimism or pessimism among business leaders regarding the expected future economic environment. Significance: Can serve as a leading indicator for future economic activity.

Definition: A ratio that compares a country's public debt to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Significance: Provides insight into the country's ability to pay back its debts without incurring further debt.