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Blockchain Basics for Business
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Private Blockchain
A restricted blockchain that operates in a closed network with controlled access.
Blockchain
A distributed ledger technology that maintains a permanent and tamper-proof record of transactional data.
Decentralized Application (DApp)
An application that runs on a decentralized network, avoiding a single point of failure.
Wallet
A place to digitally store, send, and receive cryptocurrency. They are secured by cryptographic keys.
Tokenization
The process of turning things into a digital token on a blockchain, enabling assets to be traded on a blockchain network.
Smart Contract
A self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement directly written into lines of code.
Fork
When a blockchain's protocol is changed or upgraded, causing it to split into two separate chains that share the same history up until the fork.
Gas (Blockchain)
A unit that measures the amount of computational effort required to complete operations on the Ethereum network.
Consensus Mechanism
A system used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or systems.
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network
A decentralized communications model where each party has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a communication session.
Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
A fundraising mechanism where new projects sell their underlying crypto tokens in exchange for bitcoin or ether.
51% Attack
A situation where more than half of the computing power on a blockchain network is operated by a single individual or concentrated group, which can control the majority of mining power.
Scalability
The capability of a blockchain network to handle a large amount of transactions at a given time.
Public Blockchain
A type of blockchain where anyone can join and participate in the reading, writing, and auditing of the ledger.
Oracles
Entities that connect blockchain to off-chain data, providing external information necessary for many smart contract applications.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
A type of consensus mechanism where the creator of a new block is chosen via various combinations of random selection and wealth or age.
Double Spending
The risk that a digital currency can be spent twice. Blockchain technology solves this issue by confirming a transaction's finality.
Non-Fungible Token (NFT)
A type of cryptographic token on a blockchain that represents a unique asset; these can be fully digital assets or tokenized versions of real-world assets.
Mining
The process by which new cryptocurrency tokens or coins are generated and transactions are validated on the blockchain.
Hash Rate
The measure of the computational power per second used when mining. Higher hash rates increase the chance of finding the next block and receiving the reward.
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
A consensus of replicated, shared, and synchronized digital data geographically spread across multiple sites, countries, or institutions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
A consensus algorithm in which one party proves to others that a certain amount of computational work has been done.
Blockchain Explorer
An online tool to view all transactions that have taken place on the blockchain, including the transaction histories and balances of addresses.
Cryptocurrency
A digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, allowing for secure, decentralized transactions.
Atomic Swap
A smart contract technology that enables the exchange of one cryptocurrency for another without using centralized intermediaries, such as exchanges.
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