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A system used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or systems.

When a blockchain's protocol is changed or upgraded, causing it to split into two separate chains that share the same history up until the fork.

An application that runs on a decentralized network, avoiding a single point of failure.

A digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, allowing for secure, decentralized transactions.

A consensus of replicated, shared, and synchronized digital data geographically spread across multiple sites, countries, or institutions.

The measure of the computational power per second used when mining. Higher hash rates increase the chance of finding the next block and receiving the reward.

A self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement directly written into lines of code.

An online tool to view all transactions that have taken place on the blockchain, including the transaction histories and balances of addresses.

The process by which new cryptocurrency tokens or coins are generated and transactions are validated on the blockchain.

A restricted blockchain that operates in a closed network with controlled access.

The process of turning things into a digital token on a blockchain, enabling assets to be traded on a blockchain network.

A fundraising mechanism where new projects sell their underlying crypto tokens in exchange for bitcoin or ether.

Entities that connect blockchain to off-chain data, providing external information necessary for many smart contract applications.

A type of blockchain where anyone can join and participate in the reading, writing, and auditing of the ledger.

A decentralized communications model where each party has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a communication session.

A place to digitally store, send, and receive cryptocurrency. They are secured by cryptographic keys.

The risk that a digital currency can be spent twice. Blockchain technology solves this issue by confirming a transaction's finality.

A type of consensus mechanism where the creator of a new block is chosen via various combinations of random selection and wealth or age.

A situation where more than half of the computing power on a blockchain network is operated by a single individual or concentrated group, which can control the majority of mining power.

A type of cryptographic token on a blockchain that represents a unique asset; these can be fully digital assets or tokenized versions of real-world assets.

The capability of a blockchain network to handle a large amount of transactions at a given time.

A distributed ledger technology that maintains a permanent and tamper-proof record of transactional data.

A smart contract technology that enables the exchange of one cryptocurrency for another without using centralized intermediaries, such as exchanges.

A consensus algorithm in which one party proves to others that a certain amount of computational work has been done.