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Activities performed by an organization to maintain and improve public perception. Successful example: Samsung's transparent handling and recall of the Note 7 phones after battery fires helped to rebuild trust.

The process of envisaging a variety of possible future crises and developing plans to manage them. Successful example: Shell's use of scenario planning since the 1970s has helped it navigate oil price shocks and shifts in global economics.

A physical or virtual location where crisis management teams assess and direct response efforts during a crisis. Successful example: The coordination efforts during the London 2012 Olympic Games where a command center was integral to security and crisis management.

Programs designed to educate employees and management about crisis handling and procedures. Successful example: The mandatory training programs at NASA that have been essential in managing a range of space mission anomalies.

A plan devised to respond to an immediate threat when it occurs, detailing actions to protect people, property, and the environment. Successful example: The quick activation of the ERP by Norwegian Cruise Line when a fire broke out aboard one of their ships, resulting in no casualties.

The ability of leaders to guide an organization through a crisis. Successful example: Howard Schultz's leadership in transforming Starbucks' crisis of plummeting sales in 2008 into a comeback story by refocusing on customer experience and quality.

A process that ensures the maintenance of critical functions during and after a crisis for as long as necessary. Successful example: Walmart's response to Hurricane Katrina, where their BCP ensured quick resupply of essential goods.

A review conducted after a crisis to evaluate the response and outcomes, and to learn from mistakes and successes. Successful example: The review process of airline incidents by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) leads to improved safety protocols.

A critical step in crisis management involving timely and effective communication with stakeholders. Successful example: Johnson & Johnson's response to the Tylenol tampering scandal in 1982, which is widely regarded as an exemplary crisis communication case.

A standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of emergency response. Successful example: The ICS was integral to the management of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York.

The process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks. Successful example: The use of risk assessment by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) to manage risks in global investment projects.

A subset of BCP focused specifically on the IT and technology systems that support business functions. Successful example: The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association's (SIFMA) Quantum Dawn exercises that simulate cyber attacks.

A training exercise designed to prepare a crisis management team for real-life events. Successful example: American Express regularly runs crisis simulations to ensure their crisis response is efficient and effective.

A dedicated group of high-level executives who are trained to handle crises. Successful example: Toyota's CMT during their 2010 recall crisis worked effectively to restore their brand's reputation through decisive action.