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A process that ensures the maintenance of critical functions during and after a crisis for as long as necessary. Successful example: Walmart's response to Hurricane Katrina, where their BCP ensured quick resupply of essential goods.

A subset of BCP focused specifically on the IT and technology systems that support business functions. Successful example: The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association's (SIFMA) Quantum Dawn exercises that simulate cyber attacks.

A critical step in crisis management involving timely and effective communication with stakeholders. Successful example: Johnson & Johnson's response to the Tylenol tampering scandal in 1982, which is widely regarded as an exemplary crisis communication case.

A dedicated group of high-level executives who are trained to handle crises. Successful example: Toyota's CMT during their 2010 recall crisis worked effectively to restore their brand's reputation through decisive action.

The process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks. Successful example: The use of risk assessment by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) to manage risks in global investment projects.

A training exercise designed to prepare a crisis management team for real-life events. Successful example: American Express regularly runs crisis simulations to ensure their crisis response is efficient and effective.

A standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of emergency response. Successful example: The ICS was integral to the management of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York.

A set of guidelines used to communicate effectively during a crisis. Successful example: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been recognized for its clear communication strategy during public health crises.

Activities performed by an organization to maintain and improve public perception. Successful example: Samsung's transparent handling and recall of the Note 7 phones after battery fires helped to rebuild trust.

The process of envisaging a variety of possible future crises and developing plans to manage them. Successful example: Shell's use of scenario planning since the 1970s has helped it navigate oil price shocks and shifts in global economics.

A physical or virtual location where crisis management teams assess and direct response efforts during a crisis. Successful example: The coordination efforts during the London 2012 Olympic Games where a command center was integral to security and crisis management.

Programs designed to educate employees and management about crisis handling and procedures. Successful example: The mandatory training programs at NASA that have been essential in managing a range of space mission anomalies.

A plan devised to respond to an immediate threat when it occurs, detailing actions to protect people, property, and the environment. Successful example: The quick activation of the ERP by Norwegian Cruise Line when a fire broke out aboard one of their ships, resulting in no casualties.

A review conducted after a crisis to evaluate the response and outcomes, and to learn from mistakes and successes. Successful example: The review process of airline incidents by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) leads to improved safety protocols.