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Hedging Strategies

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Futures Contract

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An agreement to buy or sell an asset at a future date at an agreed-upon price; used to lock in prices and hedge against price volatility.

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Options Contract

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A contract which gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a set price on or before a certain date; allows hedging against price movements without committing to the trade.

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Swap

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A derivative contract through which two parties exchange financial instruments, often used to switch from variable to fixed interest rates or to exchange currency exposures.

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Forward Contract

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A customized contract between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specified price on a future date; a hedge against price risks not covered by standardized exchanges.

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Money Market Hedge

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Using the money market (dealing with short-term debt instruments) to hedge foreign exchange risk by borrowing and lending in different currencies.

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Natural Hedge

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Reducing risk through normal operating procedures, such as investing in multiple geographic locations to mitigate the risk of regional downturns.

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Commodity Hedge

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Using commodity derivatives such as futures and options to hedge against the volatility in commodity prices.

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Equity Hedge

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Using equity derivatives such as index options or short selling to reduce exposure to stock market volatility.

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Currency Hedge

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Hedge against foreign exchange risk by using instruments like currency futures, forwards, swaps, or options.

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Interest Rate Hedge

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Using various instruments like interest rate swaps or futures to mitigate the risk of interest rate fluctuations affecting debt instruments.

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Credit Default Swap

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A financial swap agreement that the seller of the CDS will compensate the buyer in the event of a loan default or other credit event; a way to hedge against credit risk.

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Weather Derivative

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Financial instruments that businesses can use to hedge against unpredictable weather events that could impact their profits.

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Asset Allocation

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Diversification of investment portfolio across various asset classes to reduce risk; not a financial instrument but a strategy to hedge against market uncertainty.

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Dynamic Hedging

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A strategy that involves frequently adjusting the number of derivative positions to offset the risk of an underlying asset as market conditions change.

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Volume Hedge

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A hedging strategy that involves purchasing enough futures contracts to cover the volume of goods that are subject to price risk.

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Macro Hedge

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A hedging strategy used by investors to reduce broad systemic risks by taking positions in futures, options, or swaps markets to offset potential losses.

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Hedge Fund

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An alternative investment fund that employs different strategies to hedge its investments and manage risk, often by using leveraged, long, short, and derivative positions.

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Basis Risk

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The risk that the hedge will not move in perfect opposition to the underlying asset, causing imperfect hedging results; the residual risk after hedging.

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Operational Hedging

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Managing risk through operational strategies such as sourcing from multiple suppliers or adjusting production schedules in response to demand fluctuations.

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Political Risk Insurance

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Insurance taken by businesses to mitigate potential losses from political events such as expropriation, nationalization, or political violence.

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