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Liquidity Risk Principles

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Liquidity Risk

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The risk that an entity will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due, due to an inability to convert assets to cash or obtain new financing.

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Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)

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A regulatory requirement that aims to ensure financial institutions have enough high-quality liquid assets to withstand a 30-day stressed funding scenario.

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Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)

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A long-term liquidity measurement designed to ensure institutions have enough stable funding to meet their activities over a one-year horizon.

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Cash Flow Forecasting

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The process of estimating the flow of cash in and out of a business, which is crucial to assess liquidity risk and ensuring there is enough cash to cover liabilities.

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Liquidity Gap

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The difference between liquid assets and short-term liabilities, with a negative gap indicating potential liquidity risk.

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Quick Ratio

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A measure of a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets, calculated as CurrentassetsInventoryCurrentliabilities\frac{Current assets - Inventory}{Current liabilities}.

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Current Ratio

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A liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities with its current assets, defined as CurrentassetsCurrentliabilities\frac{Current assets}{Current liabilities}.

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Asset Liquidation

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The process of converting assets into cash quickly, typically at a discount, to meet immediate liquidity needs.

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Cash Ratio

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A stringent liquidity ratio that measures the ability of a company to cover its short-term liabilities only with cash and cash equivalents, calculated as CashandcashequivalentsCurrentliabilities\frac{Cash and cash equivalents}{Current liabilities}.

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Market Liquidity Risk

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The risk of being unable to quickly buy or sell assets in the market without a significant change in their price.

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Funding Liquidity Risk

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The risk that a company will not be able to meet its obligations due to an inability to secure new debts or equity.

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Contingent Liquidity Risk

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The risk associated with off-balance sheet obligations and commitments that may require funding under certain conditions.

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Operational Liquidity Risk

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The risk that a lack of liquidity impacts a firm's daily operations, potentially leading to insolvency.

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Liquidity at Risk (LaR)

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A measure of potential future liquidity deficit under adverse conditions, over a certain time period.

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Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF)

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A tool used by central banks to aid banks in adjusting liquidity positions through repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements.

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