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Interest Rate Risk Management

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Duration

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A measure of the sensitivity of the price of a fixed income investment to a change in interest rates, often used by portfolio managers to manage interest rate risk.

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Repricing Gap

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The timing difference between when assets and liabilities are scheduled to be repriced due to interest rate changes. Can generate either an income or expense depending on the direction.

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Hedging with Futures

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The use of interest rate futures contracts to protect against the risk that the value of an asset or liability will be affected by interest rate changes.

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Hedging with Swaps

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Involves entering into an interest rate swap agreement, where future interest payments are exchanged from fixed to variable rates, or vice versa, to reduce or eliminate risk.

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Immunization

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A strategy to shield a portfolio from interest rate risk by matching the duration of assets and liabilities so that the net interest rate exposure is zero.

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Interest Rate Ceiling

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The maximum interest rate charged on a variable-rate loan or mortgage, used as a hedging strategy to protect against rising rates for the borrower.

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Interest Rate Floor

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The minimum interest rate on a variable-rate loan, protecting lenders against the risk of rates falling too low.

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Basis Point Value (BPV)

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A measure that estimates the change in the value of an asset or liability for a one basis point change in interest rates.

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Convexity

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A measure of the curvature in the relationship between bond prices and yields; bonds with greater convexity will have less interest rate risk.

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Interest Rate Swap

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A financial derivative that involves exchanging interest rate cash flows between two parties, often used to manage risks associated with interest rate movement.

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Interest Rate Options

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Financial derivatives that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to borrow or lend at a specified interest rate.

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Forward Rate Agreement (FRA)

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A contract that allows an investor to lock in an interest rate to be applied to a future loan or investment, used for managing future interest rate exposure.

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Gap Analysis

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Compares interest rate-sensitive assets to interest rate-sensitive liabilities to identify the gap and measure interest rate risk exposure.

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Yield Curve Risk

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The risk of experiencing losses due to changes in the yield curve, which is the graphical representation of interest rates across different maturities.

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Option-Adjusted Spread (OAS)

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A measurement of the spread of a fixed-income security rate and the risk-free rate of return, which is adjusted to take into account an embedded option.

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Interest Rate Collar

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A hedging strategy that combines the purchase of an interest rate cap with the sale of an interest rate floor, often done to manage borrowing costs.

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Interest Rate Parity

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An economic concept describing the relationship between interest rates and currency exchange rates, indicating that hedging foreign exchange risk adjusts to compensate for interest rate differentials.

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Cash Flow Matching

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A technique where cash flows from fixed income investments are matched with scheduled cash outflows, such as bond maturities aligned with pension obligations.

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Economic Value of Equity (EVE)

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A measure used in the banking industry to evaluate the impact of interest rate changes on the institution's equity value, calculated by discounting expected cash flows.

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Rate Sensitive Gap

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A measurement in gap analysis representing the amount by which rate-sensitive assets exceed rate-sensitive liabilities, or vice versa, over a specific time period.

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