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Mixing Terminology
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Equalization
The process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an audio signal.
Compression
Reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal by diminishing the volume of loud sounds or amplifying quiet sounds.
Reverb
An audio effect that simulates the persistence of sound after a sound is produced, mimicking natural echoes in a space.
Delay
An effect that records an audio signal for playback a set period of time after the original signal.
Panning
Distributing a sound signal into a new stereo or multi-channel sound field.
Gain
Refers to the input level or volume in audio tracks, amplifiers, or other devices.
Aux Send
A control that allows you to send a portion of the channel's signal to another location, usually an effects processor.
Frequency
The number of cycles per second in a sound wave, measured in hertz (Hz); it determines the pitch of the sound.
Bus
A signal path that channels multiple audio tracks to mix them together or apply the same effect to them simultaneously.
Limiter
A type of compressor designed to prevent an audio signal from exceeding a certain level.
Clipping
Distortion caused when an audio signal exceeds the maximum level that a piece of equipment can handle.
Fade In/Out
Gradually increasing (in) or decreasing (out) the volume of a sound signal.
LFE (Low-Frequency Effects)
A channel specifically intended for deep, low-pitched sounds in a surround sound setup.
Mixdown
The process of combining all the individual tracks in a session into a final stereo or surround sound format.
Mute
A function used to silence an audio track or a section of a track in a mix.
Noise Gate
A device or plugin that silences an audio signal when it falls below a set threshold level, used to reduce unwanted background noise.
Patchbay
A panel with many sockets used to connect different pieces of audio equipment together, allowing for flexible signal routing.
Phase
The relationship in time between two or more sound waves at a given point in their cycles.
RMS (Root Mean Square)
A measurement of the average power or volume of an audio signal.
Sample Rate
The number of samples of audio carried per second, measured in hertz. Standard CD quality is 44.1 kHz.
Solo
A function that isolates a single track or a group of tracks so that only these tracks are audible.
Stereo Width
The perceived spatial separation between sounds in the left and right channels of a stereo mix.
Sustain
The length of time a note remains audible after the initial attack, also a parameter on a compressor that controls how long compression lasts.
Threshold
The level at which a signal must surpass for a process such as compression or gating to engage.
Wet/Dry Mix
Refers to the balance between the processed (wet) and unprocessed (dry) versions of a signal.
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