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Sound System Design
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Microphone
Transduces acoustic energy into electrical signals; typically placed at the origin of the sound.
Loudspeaker
Converts electrical signals back into audible sound; typically distributed around the venue for audience coverage.
Amplifier
Increases the power of audio signals; placed between the mixer and speakers.
Mixer
Combines multiple audio inputs into a single or multiple outputs; usually positioned at the sound technician's station.
Audio Interface
Converts analog signals to digital for use with computers, and vice versa; positioned between the computer and other audio components.
Cables and Connectors
Provides electrical pathways for audio signals; connections run throughout the system between components.
Equalizer
Adjusts the frequency balance of audio signals; typically used during mixing stage.
Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)
Software for recording, editing, and producing audio; usually found in a studio or with the sound engineer.
Compressor
Controls the dynamic range of audio signals; generally used in mixing to even out levels.
Power Supply
Provides necessary electrical power; situated within or near each device requiring power.
Effects Processor
Adds reverbs, delays, and other effects to audio signals; placed in the signal chain usually after mixing.
Headphones
Provides personal monitoring for sound engineering or recording; used at mixing console or in recording booth.
Microphone Preamplifier
Boosts microphone signal to line level; located at the mixer or as a separate hardware unit.
Monitor Speakers
Allows performers to hear themselves; placed on stage directed towards performers.
Subwoofer
Handles low-frequency sounds; placed on the floor to better translate bass frequencies.
Direct Injection Box (DI)
Connects instruments like guitars directly to the mixer; placed on stage or in the studio.
Rack
Holds various sound equipment in a stable, organized manner; found at the sound technician's area.
Stage Box
Consolidates microphone/instrument inputs at the stage; connected to the mixer via multicore cable.
Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
Manipulates digital signals to improve sound quality; often integrated within other components like mixers or amplifiers.
Stage Snake
Multichannel cable to connect stage box to mixer; runs from the stage to sound technician's mixer.
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