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Radio Broadcasting Basics
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AM
Amplitude Modulation, a broadcasting technique where the amplitude of the carrier wave is modified in response to the voice or music being broadcast.
FM
Frequency Modulation, a method of broadcasting in which the frequency of the carrier wave is varied in accordance with the signal. It provides better sound quality than AM.
Dead Air
A period of silence on the radio when no audio is being broadcast. It can be an indicator of technical problems and is undesirable in radio broadcasting.
Drive Time
The time period during morning and evening commutes when the number of listeners is the highest. Important for radio shows and advertising.
PSA
Public Service Announcement, a message broadcast on radio for the public good, typically without charge and often for the purpose of education or awareness.
RDS
Radio Data System, a communications protocol standard for embedding small amounts of digital information in conventional FM radio broadcasts.
Sweeper
A short pre-recorded audio clip played on a radio station, typically containing a station identifier or slogan, often used to transition between segments.
Backtiming
The process of timing a radio show or segment to ensure it ends exactly at a pre-determined time. DJs use it to cue the start of a song or segment.
Playlist
The predetermined set of songs or pieces that will be played on a radio station during a given program or time period.
Aircheck
A recording of a radio or television performance for the purpose of review or quality control. May also be used for legal purposes or talent evaluation.
Pilot Tone
A sub-audible frequency used in radio broadcasting that allows additional data to be transmitted along with the main program.
Hot Clock
A graphical representation of an hour of radio programming, used to structure a show by aligning news, music, advertising, and other elements.
FCC
Federal Communications Commission, the United States government agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, satellite, and cable.
Voice Tracking
A technique used in radio and television wherein announcers prerecord their voices for later playback, giving the impression of a live broadcast.
Cume
Cumulative audience, a statistic that measures the total number of unique listeners who tune into a radio station for at least five minutes during a specific period.
Crossfade
A technique where a sound engineer fades out one song while simultaneously fading in the next, creating a smooth transition between the two tracks.
Dayparting
The practice of dividing the broadcast day into several parts, in which a different type of radio or television program appropriate for that time period is aired.
Format Clock
A visual layout that represents the programming elements and their time allocations within an hour of a radio show, essential for consistent format scheduling.
Modulation
The process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a modulating signal that typically contains information to be transmitted.
Teaser
A short segment broadcast on radio aimed at giving listeners a preview of upcoming content or events, with the intent to keep listeners tuned in.
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