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Radio Broadcasting Basics

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Drive Time

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The time period during morning and evening commutes when the number of listeners is the highest. Important for radio shows and advertising.

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Format Clock

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A visual layout that represents the programming elements and their time allocations within an hour of a radio show, essential for consistent format scheduling.

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Dead Air

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A period of silence on the radio when no audio is being broadcast. It can be an indicator of technical problems and is undesirable in radio broadcasting.

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AM

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Amplitude Modulation, a broadcasting technique where the amplitude of the carrier wave is modified in response to the voice or music being broadcast.

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Pilot Tone

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A sub-audible frequency used in radio broadcasting that allows additional data to be transmitted along with the main program.

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Backtiming

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The process of timing a radio show or segment to ensure it ends exactly at a pre-determined time. DJs use it to cue the start of a song or segment.

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PSA

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Public Service Announcement, a message broadcast on radio for the public good, typically without charge and often for the purpose of education or awareness.

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Teaser

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A short segment broadcast on radio aimed at giving listeners a preview of upcoming content or events, with the intent to keep listeners tuned in.

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Cume

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Cumulative audience, a statistic that measures the total number of unique listeners who tune into a radio station for at least five minutes during a specific period.

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FCC

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Federal Communications Commission, the United States government agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, satellite, and cable.

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FM

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Frequency Modulation, a method of broadcasting in which the frequency of the carrier wave is varied in accordance with the signal. It provides better sound quality than AM.

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Sweeper

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A short pre-recorded audio clip played on a radio station, typically containing a station identifier or slogan, often used to transition between segments.

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Hot Clock

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A graphical representation of an hour of radio programming, used to structure a show by aligning news, music, advertising, and other elements.

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Modulation

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The process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a modulating signal that typically contains information to be transmitted.

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Aircheck

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A recording of a radio or television performance for the purpose of review or quality control. May also be used for legal purposes or talent evaluation.

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Crossfade

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A technique where a sound engineer fades out one song while simultaneously fading in the next, creating a smooth transition between the two tracks.

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Voice Tracking

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A technique used in radio and television wherein announcers prerecord their voices for later playback, giving the impression of a live broadcast.

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RDS

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Radio Data System, a communications protocol standard for embedding small amounts of digital information in conventional FM radio broadcasts.

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Dayparting

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The practice of dividing the broadcast day into several parts, in which a different type of radio or television program appropriate for that time period is aired.

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Playlist

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The predetermined set of songs or pieces that will be played on a radio station during a given program or time period.

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