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Global Media Systems
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Italy
Public broadcaster RAI alongside private competitors; political influence on media; AGCOM regulatory role
South Africa
Mixed public and private ownership; freedom of press protected; regulated by ICASA
Iran
State-dominated media landscape; heavy censorship and internet restrictions; Press Supervisory Board and IRIB oversight
Nigeria
Lively media scene; government-owned and private outlets; moderate press freedom; regulated by NBC
Pakistan
Mixture of state and privately-owned media; PEMRA regulatory body; media operates in complex legal landscape
United States
Diverse media landscape with private ownership; regulated by the FCC; First Amendment protections for freedom of speech
Egypt
State-influenced media; significant censorship; governed by SCMCHA
Germany
Dual public-private broadcasting; strong protection of press freedom; KEK and ZAK oversight
Japan
Public broadcaster NHK and private media entities; Article 21 protects press freedom; MIC regulatory body
South Korea
Vibrant media landscape; strong press freedoms; regulated by KCC
Sweden
Free and independent media; public service media alongside private; regulated by the MPRT
Spain
RTVE public broadcasting and private media corporations; statutory regulations; regulated by CNMC
Russia
Mix of state-controlled and private media; media freedom restricted; regulated by Roskomnadzor
France
Public and private media; strong journalistic tradition; regulated by CSA
Mexico
Combination of monopolistic private ownership and public media; freedom of press issues; IFT as regulatory body
India
Diverse and multilingual media environment; blend of public and private owners; regulated by the MIB and TRAI
Singapore
Government-regulated media system; limited press freedom; IMDA overseeing broadcast and online media
Australia
Combination of public broadcasters and private media organizations; regulated by the ACMA; robust legal framework for media operations
Canada
Public and private sector broadcasters; CRTC regulatory body; Media characterized by bilingualism
Turkey
High government influence over media; limited press freedoms; regulated by RTÜK
United Kingdom
Public service broadcasters and private media; regulated by Ofcom; strong commitment to impartiality
Brazil
Primarily private media; freedom of press varies regionally; regulated by ANATEL
Argentina
Private media dominance; some state-run media; freedom of expression varies; regulated by ENaCom
Indonesia
Diverse media with public and private broadcasters; KPI and the Press Council as regulatory bodies; mixed levels of press freedom
China
State-controlled media; heavily censored; governed by NRTA and Cyberspace Administration
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