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Prominent Media Theorists

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Janice Radway

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Known for her research in the field of readership, particularly her ethnographic study of romance novel readers in 'Reading the Romance', which explores women's reading as an act of resistance.

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Harold Lasswell

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Known for the Lasswell Formula: 'Who says what in which channel to whom with what effect?', he analyzed the role and effect of propaganda.

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Jean Baudrillard

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Famous for his concepts of simulacra and simulation, he argued that in the postmodern society, media creates a hyperreality where the distinction between the real and the represented becomes blurred.

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Ien Ang

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Known for her works on cultural studies and television, she famously analyzed the audience's emotional engagement with the soap opera 'Dallas' and introduced notions of 'active' audience interpretation.

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Walter Benjamin

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Best known for his work 'The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction', which discusses how mass reproduction changes the 'aura' and authenticity of artworks.

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Theodor W. Adorno

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One of the leading figures of the Frankfurt School. Critiqued the culture industry and its impact on rationality and enlightenment, largely seen in his work 'Dialectic of Enlightenment'.

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Marshall McLuhan

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Known for the phrase 'The medium is the message'. Proposed that the medium through which a message is experienced shapes the user's perception of the message.

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Harold Innis

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Developed the staples thesis and the theory of 'time-biased' and 'space-biased' media. Emphasized the importance of communication technologies in shaping the rise and fall of empires.

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Stuart Hall

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A founder of British Cultural Studies. His 'encoding/decoding' model of communication highlighted how audience interpretation of media messages can vary widely.

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman

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While known primarily as a feminist writer, she also critiqued the media of her time for perpetuating gender stereotypes and the cultural portrayal of women's roles in society.

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Herbert Marcuse

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Another theorist associated with the Frankfurt School. He theorized about the 'one-dimensional' man and the role of media in producing conformity and suppressing individual thought.

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Neil Postman

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Known for his critical approach to media ecology and his book 'Amusing Ourselves to Death', which suggests that television's entertainment value harms public discourse.

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Robert K. Merton

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Introduced concepts such as 'narcotizing dysfunction', where mass media would render the audience passive and less likely to engage actively in political matters.

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Guy Debord

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Known for his critique of the society of the spectacle, where social life has been taken over by the representation and people are more connected with each other through images.

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Noam Chomsky

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Co-created the Propaganda Model with Edward S. Herman, which argues that mass media serves as a system for communicating messages and symbols to the general populace.

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Edward S. Herman

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Alongside Noam Chomsky, developed the Propaganda Model, highlighting the inequalities of wealth and power and their multilevel effects on mass media.

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Max Horkheimer

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Also part of the Frankfurt School, Horkheimer collaborated with Adorno. He introduced the concept of critical theory and the idea that mass culture can be an instrument of social control.

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Jürgen Habermas

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His most influential work, 'The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere', deals with the development of a bourgeois public sphere in the early modern period and its subsequent transformation in the modern age.

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Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

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Her work introduced the concept of subalternity and epistemic violence; she also critiqued the Western scholarly establishment for its complicit relationship with the cultural and economic colonizers.

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Dallas Smythe

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He proposed the theory of the 'audience commodity', suggesting that the real product of media is not the content delivered to the audience but the audience itself for advertisers.

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Paul Lazarsfeld

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Renowned for his work on the media's effects, particularly the 'two-step flow' theory of communication, suggesting that media influences opinion leaders, who in turn influence others.

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Henry Jenkins

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Best known for his work on media convergence and participatory culture, he explores how new media technologies enable consumers to archive, annotate, appropriate, and recirculate media content.

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Douglas Kellner

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His analysis of media culture emphasizes the synthesis of philosophy, social theory, and cultural critique. He examines the ways in which media and information technology shape individual life and society.

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Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

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Famous for the 'spiral of silence' theory which postulates that individuals are less likely to express minority views when they think they are at odds with the majority opinion.

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Louis Althusser

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French Marxist philosopher who introduced the concept of 'Ideological State Apparatuses' (ISAs), including the media, which serve to perpetuate the ideology of the ruling class.

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