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Media Bias and Critique
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Confirmation Bias
This bias involves favoring information that conforms to one’s existing beliefs and views, ignoring evidence that contradicts them.
Commercial Bias
This bias is when stories are selected or slanted to please advertisers or owners, potentially influencing the media outlet’s objectivity.
Agenda-setting Bias
This occurs when a media outlet’s prioritization of stories influences the public’s perception of what is important.
Bias by Omission
Leaving one side of an argument out entirely or reporting on a less significant aspect to detract from more serious issues.
Bias by Selection of Sources
Including more sources that support one side of an argument or viewpoint while ignoring the other side.
Mainstream Bias
A tendency to report what everyone else is reporting, and to avoid stories that will offend anyone.
Sensationalism
The use of exciting or shocking stories at the expense of accuracy, to provoke public interest and excitement.
Bias by Placement
The placement of news stories so that more significant news is overshadowed by less important information.
Corporate Bias
Occurs when the interests of the corporate owners of media affect news coverage, potentially hindering fairness and objectivity.
Bias by Headline
Creating a misleading impression through bold headlines that don’t accurately reflect the content of the article.
Bias by Photos, Captions, and Camera Angles
Using imagery, misleading captions, and specific camera angles to subtly influence the viewer’s perception.
Bias by Word Choice and Tone
The use of connotative language and tone to influence the audience's perception.
Racial Bias
Casting people or groups in a negative light based on their race or ethnicity.
Bias by Story Selection
A pattern of highlighting news stories that coincide with the agenda of the news outlet.
Unequal Coverage
Giving unfair amounts of coverage to certain individuals, groups, or issues over others.
Concision Bias
A form of media bias resulting from the need to squeeze complex information into brief news segments.
Social Desirability Bias
Tendency to report stories in a way that adheres to social norms and expectations.
Statistical Bias
Presenting statistics or numbers in a way that supports an outlet’s perspective, potentially leading to misleading implications from the data.
Narrative Bias
The tendency to interpret new events and information as fitting within a preexisting story or narrative.
False Equivalence
Presenting two opposing sides as if their validity or influence is equal when they are not.
Structural Bias
Occurs when an editorial perspective or commercial pressures affect the type and quantity of articles that are published.
Explicit Bias
A type of bias where the journalist or media openly supports a particular political party, policy, or candidate.
Implicit Bias
Bias that occurs unintentionally and subconsciously through the social background, personal beliefs, or cultural upbringing of journalists.
Moral Panics
Media portraying an event or person as a significant threat to societal norms and interests, often creating a disparity between the actual and reported threat.
Flak
Negative responses to a media statement or program that may occur in the form of complaints, lawsuits, or legislative actions to influence the media organization.
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