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Common Graph Theory Terms

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Undirected Graph

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A graph where edges have no direction and the relationship between vertices is mutual.

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Path

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A sequence of vertices where each adjacent pair is connected by an edge in the graph.

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Adjacency List

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A collection of lists or arrays, one for each vertex, where each list contains the adjacent vertices.

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Edge

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A connection between two vertices in a graph.

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Adjacency Matrix

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A square matrix used to represent a graph, where the element at row i and column j represents the presence or absence of an edge between vertices i and j.

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Cycle

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A path in a graph that starts and ends at the same vertex with no other vertex repeated.

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Weighted Graph

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A graph where edges have numeric values called weights assigned to them, often representing cost, length, or capacity.

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Degree of a Vertex

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The number of edges incident to (or leading to/from) the vertex.

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Connectivity

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A property that determines whether there exists a path between any two vertices in a graph.

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Directed Graph

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A graph where edges have a direction associated with them, from one vertex to another.

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Graph

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A collection of nodes, called vertices, and the relationships between them, called edges.

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Vertex

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An individual node in a graph.

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