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Noise Control Techniques
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Bass Traps
Acoustic absorbers designed to capture low-frequency sound waves, bass traps are commonly placed in corners of recording studios to control room modes and standing waves.
Diffusion
Diffusion scatters sound energy in various directions instead of reflecting it directly, using uneven surfaces or objects. An example application would be diffuser panels in concert halls.
Barriers
Noise barriers obstruct the direct path of sound waves, forcing them to take a longer path, which reduces their energy. Highways often employ barriers to protect residential areas from traffic noise.
Acoustic Curtains
Heavy curtains that absorb sound reflections and can also act as a barrier, effectively used in home studios and theaters to improve sound quality.
Enclosures
Devices or noisy equipment are surrounded by partial or full enclosures to contain and absorb sound. Industrial machinery may be enclosed to prevent noise from reaching workers.
White Noise Machines
These machines produce sound at all audible frequencies to mask other noises, which can be helpful in office environments or for sleep assistance.
Absorption
This method involves using materials that convert sound energy into heat, thus reducing the reflection of sound. It's commonly applied in acoustic paneling within studios or theaters.
Double Glazing Windows
This method consists of having two panes of glass with an air space between them to reduce noise transmission, commonly used in residential and office buildings near airports.
Mass-Loaded Vinyl (MLV)
MLV is a dense material used to block sound by adding mass to walls, ceilings, or floors. It's particularly handy in construction to soundproof new or existing structures.
Isolation
This technique involves separating noise sources from their surroundings, often by using floating floors or decoupling structures. Recording studios may use isolated walls to prevent sound leakage.
Fabric-Wrapped Acoustic Panels
These panels are used to absorb sound waves, commonly made of foam with a fabric wrapping and are used in offices and recording studios to enhance the acoustic environment.
Damping
Damping refers to the dissipation of vibratory energy in structures or materials, reducing the amplitude of vibrations. It's often employed in the automotive industry to decrease engine and road noise.
Vibration Isolation Pads
These are pads made of materials that absorb and damp vibrations from machinery or equipment, preventing them from transmitting to the surrounding structure. They can be found under washing machines or gym floors.
Sound Masking Systems
These systems introduce a background noise, often similar to airflow, to make speech less intelligible and therefore less distracting. It's frequently used in open-plan offices.
Silencers
Silencers use a combination of absorption and reflection to reduce noise, most notably in the exhaust systems of engines or in HVAC ducts.
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