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Psychoacoustics Principles

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Temporal Masking

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Temporal masking involves a sound being made inaudible by a preceding or succeeding sound, thereby affecting our perception over time.

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Critical Bands

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Critical bands refer to the frequency bandwidths within which sounds can interfere with each other, leading to masking effects.

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Frequency Selectivity

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Frequency selectivity is the ability of the human auditory system to separate different components of complex sounds into individual frequencies.

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Masking

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Masking occurs when the perception of one sound is affected by the presence of another sound, making the first sound less audible.

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Equal Loudness Contours

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Equal loudness contours are curves that represent the sound pressure levels across different frequencies perceived to be equally loud to the human ear.

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Absolute Threshold of Hearing

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The absolute threshold of hearing is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average human ear with normal hearing can hear with no other sounds present.

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Loudness

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Loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure, which depends not just on the amplitude of a sound wave but also on its frequency.

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Pitch

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Pitch is the perceived frequency of a sound and determines whether it is 'high' or 'low', often correlating with the fundamental frequency of the sound.

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Timbre

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Timbre describes the quality or color of a sound that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as different musical instruments.

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Binaural Beats

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Binaural beats occur when two slightly different frequency tones are presented to each ear, leading to the perception of a new frequency that is the difference between the two.

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Psychoacoustic Modeling

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Psychoacoustic modeling involves predicting the perceived auditory phenomena based on physical characteristics of sound to inform audio compression and sound design.

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Haas Effect

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The Haas Effect, or precedence effect, is the psychoacoustic phenomenon where when two identical sounds are presented in quick succession, they are perceived as a single sound coming from the direction of the first sound.

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Lombard Effect

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The Lombard Effect is the involuntary tendency of speakers to increase their vocal effort when speaking in noisy environments to improve the audibility of their voice.

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Shepard Tone

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The Shepard Tone is an auditory illusion of a tone that seems to continuously ascend or descend in pitch, but which ultimately seems to get no higher or lower.

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Comb Filtering

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Comb filtering occurs when two identical audio signals are delayed by a short period, causing constructive and destructive interference which creates a series of peaks and notches in the frequency spectrum.

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Sound Localization

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Sound localization is the ability to identify the location or origin of a sound source in space using auditory cues like time and intensity differences between ears.

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Reverberation

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Reverberation is the persistence of sound in an enclosed space after the original sound is produced, as a result of multiple reflections from the surfaces of the room.

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Doppler Effect

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The Doppler Effect is the change in frequency or pitch of a sound perceived by a listener because the sound source is moving relative to the listener.

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Missing Fundamental

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The missing fundamental phenomenon occurs when the brain perceives the pitch of a complex sound based on the pattern of higher harmonics, even if the fundamental frequency is absent.

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Interaural Time Difference (ITD)

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Interaural Time Difference is the difference in arrival time of a sound between two ears, which is crucial for the localization of sounds in the horizontal plane.

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