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Masking occurs when the perception of one sound is affected by the presence of another sound, making the first sound less audible.

Critical bands refer to the frequency bandwidths within which sounds can interfere with each other, leading to masking effects.

Frequency selectivity is the ability of the human auditory system to separate different components of complex sounds into individual frequencies.

Temporal masking involves a sound being made inaudible by a preceding or succeeding sound, thereby affecting our perception over time.

The absolute threshold of hearing is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average human ear with normal hearing can hear with no other sounds present.

Equal loudness contours are curves that represent the sound pressure levels across different frequencies perceived to be equally loud to the human ear.

Loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure, which depends not just on the amplitude of a sound wave but also on its frequency.

Pitch is the perceived frequency of a sound and determines whether it is 'high' or 'low', often correlating with the fundamental frequency of the sound.

Timbre describes the quality or color of a sound that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as different musical instruments.

Binaural beats occur when two slightly different frequency tones are presented to each ear, leading to the perception of a new frequency that is the difference between the two.

The Doppler Effect is the change in frequency or pitch of a sound perceived by a listener because the sound source is moving relative to the listener.

The Haas Effect, or precedence effect, is the psychoacoustic phenomenon where when two identical sounds are presented in quick succession, they are perceived as a single sound coming from the direction of the first sound.

Comb filtering occurs when two identical audio signals are delayed by a short period, causing constructive and destructive interference which creates a series of peaks and notches in the frequency spectrum.

The missing fundamental phenomenon occurs when the brain perceives the pitch of a complex sound based on the pattern of higher harmonics, even if the fundamental frequency is absent.

Psychoacoustic modeling involves predicting the perceived auditory phenomena based on physical characteristics of sound to inform audio compression and sound design.

Reverberation is the persistence of sound in an enclosed space after the original sound is produced, as a result of multiple reflections from the surfaces of the room.

Sound localization is the ability to identify the location or origin of a sound source in space using auditory cues like time and intensity differences between ears.

The Lombard Effect is the involuntary tendency of speakers to increase their vocal effort when speaking in noisy environments to improve the audibility of their voice.

The Shepard Tone is an auditory illusion of a tone that seems to continuously ascend or descend in pitch, but which ultimately seems to get no higher or lower.