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This field covers the study of sound propagation through air ducts, and the measures to control noise generation and transmission through HVAC systems. Example Application: Designing HVAC systems in buildings to minimize noise transmission between rooms.

Meta-materials are engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring materials, often used for controlling, directing, and manipulating sound waves. Example: Creating materials that can bend sound around an object, effectively making it sound-invisible.

Diffusion is the even spreading of sound waves in a room to prevent echoes and reinforce uniform sound levels. Example: Using diffuser panels in a concert hall to spread sound evenly and prevent acoustic hotspots.

Damping refers to the reduction of vibration amplitude over time due to material properties or system designs. Example Application: Using damping materials in constructing cinema theaters to reduce echo and improve sound clarity.

Room modes are the resonant frequencies of a room, which can cause certain frequencies to be amplified or attenuated. Example Application: Fine-tuning the dimensions of a recording studio to control room modes and achieve the desired acoustic qualities.

This refers to the study of the natural vibration modes of a structure and is used to predict the frequencies at which resonance could occur. Example Application: Designing auditoriums to avoid structural resonances that could affect sound quality.

The concept of adjusting the acoustic impedance of structures to maximize sound transmission or reduce reflections. Example Application: Designing the interface between air and water in sonar applications to optimize signal transmission.

This principle involves the use of materials and devices to prevent transmission of vibrations from one part of a structure to another. Example Application: Isolating mechanical equipment (like HVAC systems) to prevent noise from spreading inside a building.

STC is a measure of a material's or an assembly's ability to resist airborne sound transfer at the frequencies 125-4000 Hz. Example: Wall or floor assemblies are rated with an STC number to describe their sound insulating effectiveness.

RT is the time it takes for sound to decay by 60 decibels after the source has stopped. It is directly connected to the acoustic properties of a room. Example Application: Concert hall design to achieve desirable sound characteristics.

IIC is a measure of a floor/ceiling assembly’s ability to reduce the transmission of impact noise. Example: Specifying flooring materials for a multi-story apartment complex to reduce the noise heard from foot traffic upstairs.

Flanking transmission is the passage of sound around, over, or under structural elements, bypassing primary insulation materials. Example: Addressing weak points in a building design where sound leaks around walls or floors.

This coefficient measures how much sound is absorbed, rather than reflected, by a material. Example Application: Selecting materials with the right absorption coefficients for use in acoustic paneling in recording studios.

TL measures the reduction in sound energy as sound passes through a barrier or medium. Example: Increasing TL to improve privacy between adjacent offices by using sound dampening materials.