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Absorption in underwater acoustics refers to the loss of sound energy as heat due to the medium through which the sound wave is travelling.

The SOFAR channel (Sound Fixing And Ranging) is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is at its minimum.

An ADCP measures the velocity of water currents using the Doppler effect of sound waves scattered off particles within the water column.

The Rayleigh Criterion in underwater acoustics is a resolution criterion that determines the minimum distance at which two point sources can be distinguished.

Reverberation in underwater acoustics refers to the persistence of sound after it is produced, caused by multiple reflections from the sea surface, bottom, and other objects.

Snell's Law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction for waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media.

A transducer in underwater acoustics is a device that converts electrical energy into sound waves, or vice versa.

Ambient noise in underwater acoustics is the background sound from various sources such as waves, rain, marine life, and human activities.

Cavitation refers to the formation of vapor-filled cavities in a liquid, created by the rapid changes in pressure associated with sound waves, often causing noise and damage.

Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) uses sound propagation to navigate, communicate, or detect objects underwater.

In underwater acoustics, impedance matching is the process of making the acoustic impedance of the transducer close to that of water to maximize sound transmission.

Bioacoustics investigates the production, transmission, and reception of sound in animals, including marine wildlife, which often relies on sound for communication.

Underwater acoustic tomography is a technique used to measure temperatures and currents over large regions of the ocean by analyzing sound propagation.

This model predicts how sound waves spread and interact with the environment in underwater acoustics, taking into account factors like temperature, salinity, and pressure.