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The resistance a medium offers against the transmission of a sound wave, typically measured in Rayls (acoustic ohms).

The distance between two consecutive points in phase on a wave. It affects the pitch of sound. Longer wavelengths result in lower pitch.

The amplification of a sound wave when it matches the natural frequency of an object, causing it to vibrate. It's fundamental to the working of many musical instruments.

Integral multiples of the fundamental frequency of a sound, contributing to its timbre. The first harmonic is the fundamental frequency itself.

The relative position of a point within the sound wave cycle. It's important in understanding interference and wave superposition.

The number of complete cycles per second, measured in Hertz (Hz). It determines the pitch of a sound—higher frequency means higher pitch.

The bouncing back of sound waves when they hit a surface that they cannot pass through. This property is used in echolocation and room acoustics design.

Frequencies higher than the fundamental frequency of a sound. They are also a component of timbre but exclude the fundamental frequency.

A characteristic of transverse waves that specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations. For sound waves, which are longitudinal, polarization is not applicable.

The height of the sound wave from its mean value, typically related to the loudness or intensity of the sound.

The bending of sound waves around obstacles or through openings. It's important for sound propagation in various environments.

The change in direction of sound waves as they pass from one medium to another due to speed differences. It's crucial for sound wave propagation in underwater acoustics.

The power carried by a sound wave per unit area, typically measured in watts per square meter (W/m^2). It's a factor in how we perceive loudness.

The quality or color of a sound that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as voices or musical instruments, even when they have the same pitch and loudness.

A logarithmic unit used to measure the intensity of a sound or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale.

The change in frequency or wavelength of a sound wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the source of the sound.

The speed at which a sound wave travels through a medium. It is determined by the medium's density and elasticity.

The passage of sound waves through a medium. Different materials transmit sound with varying efficiencies, impacting sound isolation and room acoustics.

Waves formed by the interference of two traveling waves moving in opposite directions, having points of zero amplitude called nodes.