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Records deviation of formation beds from the horizontal, which is essential in structural analysis and determining the attitude of strata.

Evaluates the quality of the cement job in casing, particularly the bond between casing and formation or between different cement stages.

Involves repeated logging at different times to monitor changes in a reservoir over the life of a field, such as fluid saturations or pressure.

Uses seismic waves generated and received in adjacent wells to image properties between wells for enhanced reservoir characterization.

Measures the speed of sound in rocks to assess porosity and evaluate mechanical properties.

Creates visual representations of the borehole wall to identify features like fractures, bedding, and faults.

Evaluates the water content and salinity of the reservoir by measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity.

Provides data on porosity, permeability, and fluid typing by measuring relaxation properties of hydrogen nuclei in the formation fluids.

Examines rock cuttings generated during drilling to gain insights into the lithology and mineral composition of the drilled formations.

Uses a pulsed neutron generator to activate the formation and measure the resultant gamma rays to assess saturation and lithology changes.

Monitors fluid movement in the borehole to identify production zones, injection profiles, and cross-flow behind casing.

Provides high-resolution acoustic reflection images for detailed analysis of the borehole wall and to assess rock fabric and structure.

Measures the diameter of the borehole to identify zones of wear or instability, and to ensure proper log measurement by other tools.

Involves analysis of rock cuttings and mud for real-time decision making on drilling parameters and formation evaluation.

Assesses the resistivity of the formation to estimate hydrocarbon saturation.

Measures the gravitational field within a borehole to infer density variations and thereby the distribution of different rock types and fluids.

Provides seismic data recorded within the well to tie surface seismic information to formation properties at well locations.

Measures the natural radioactivity of the formation to infer the presence of shale and other lithologies.

Measures the pressure of the formation fluid to estimate reservoir characteristics and fluid properties.

Determines the quantity and type of radioactive elements, often to distinguish between different types of shales or to identify pay zones.

Measures induced gamma ray activity from neutron bombardment to determine elemental composition, especially in complex lithologies.

Records natural electric potentials in the borehole to help infer lithology and identify permeable zones.

Records the dielectric properties of the formation which are affected by water content and type, to estimate water saturation and porosity.

Detects hydrogen atoms to estimate porosity, since hydrogen is primarily found in the fluids filling the pores.