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Artificial lift is a method used to increase pressure within the reservoir to encourage oil to the surface when the natural pressure is not sufficient. Common methods include pump jacks and gas lift.

Sand control refers to measures and techniques implemented to prevent sand from entering the wellbore during production, which can erode equipment and reduce hydrocarbon flow.

A kick is an influx of reservoir fluids into the wellbore during drilling operations, which can lead to a blowout if not controlled. It occurs when the pressure gradient of drilling fluid is not sufficient to overcome formation pressures.

Formation damage occurs when undesirable alterations reduce the permeability around the wellbore, thus impairing the flow of reservoir fluids which can decrease production efficiency.

A Cement Bond Log (CBL) is a logging tool that evaluates the integrity of cement work behind the casing by using an acoustic sonic tool to identify poorly bonded or channelled areas.

Sour gas is natural gas that contains significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is corrosive, poisonous, and requires special handling and treatment to ensure safety and environmental compliance.

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique to fracture rock layers by injecting fluid at high pressure. This process creates new channels in the rock to extract oil and gas from underground formations.

A Christmas Tree is an assembly of valves, spools, and fittings used on a producing well to control the flow of oil and gas from the reservoir.

A choke is a device used to control the flow rate of oil and gas from a well by restricting the flow cross-sectional area, often adjustable to maintain desired production rates.

Reservoir simulation is the use of computer models to predict the behavior of a reservoir over time, taking into account various factors like fluid flow, pressure and temperature.

Fishing is an operation carried out to retrieve a lost or stuck equipment (such as a drill bit or wireline tool) from the wellbore to ensure the continuity of drilling or production operations.

Pigging refers to the maintenance practice where a device known as a 'pig' is sent through a pipeline to clean and inspect the interior walls, removing accumulated deposits and monitoring for corrosion or damage.

The fracture gradient is the pressure increase per unit of depth that is required to fracture the rock. It is critical in determining safe drilling mud weights to prevent formation breakage.

Proppant is a material, typically sand, ceramic, or resin-coated sand, used in hydraulic fracturing to keep the induced fractures open, allowing for the flow of hydrocarbons to the wellbore.

Secondary recovery involves methods implemented after the initial (primary) production phase to increase a well's output. Typically, this includes water flooding or gas injection.

Nodal analysis is a systems approach used to optimize and evaluate the performance of a petroleum production system by analyzing the individual components that affect the overall system behavior.

Lost circulation occurs when drilling fluids (mud) are lost to fractures or highly permeable formations while drilling, which can lead to reduced hydraulic pressure and potential well control issues.

Gas lift is an artificial lift technique where gas is injected into the production tubing to reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid column, allowing the reservoir fluids to rise to the surface.

Flow assurance involves ensuring the successful and economic flow of hydrocarbons from the reservoir to the point of sale, by preventing blockages in the pipeline such as hydrate formation, wax deposition, and asphaltenes.

Completion fluid is a specialized fluid used during well completion operations to minimize damage to the well. It can help control pressure and facilitate the placement of cement in casing operations.

Acidizing is a well stimulation technique where acids are injected into the reservoir to dissolve rock formations and open up flow channels, which enhances oil and gas production.

Torque and drag refer to the resistance encountered when turning the drillstring and moving it in or out of the hole, which can indicate wellbore conditions and the presence of obstructions or friction points.

Tertiary recovery, also known as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), employs advanced methods to extract additional oil, such as thermal recovery, chemical injection, or CO2 flooding.

Perforating is a technique where holes are punched in the casing and cement sheath at various intervals to allow oil or gas to flow into the wellbore.

Mud logging involves the detailed analysis of drilling mud for early indications of hydrocarbon presence in a wellbore, as well as monitoring for safety and drilling efficiency.

A packer is a downhole tool used to create a seal between the outside of the production tubing and the inside of the casing or wellbore to isolate pressure and fluid flow in a well.

An injection well is a well through which fluids are injected into an underground reservoir for the purpose of maintaining pressure, disposing of waste, or for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods.

Slickline operations involve the use of a thin cable to lower and retrieve tools and equipment in a well for purposes such as logging, setting plugs, and changing valves.

Casing is a large-diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted into a recently drilled section of a borehole and typically held in place with cement to stabilize the wellbore.

Coiled tubing refers to the use of a continuous length of steel or composite tubing that is flexible enough to be wound on a large spool and used for interventions in oil and gas wells.

Kill weight mud refers to drilling fluid with sufficient density to counteract reservoir pressure and prevent the unwanted flow of reservoir fluids into the wellbore, effectively 'killing' the well.

The wellhead is the component at the surface of a well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.

Well completion refers to the process of making a well ready for production. This includes casing, cementing, perforating, and stimulating the well to enable optimal oil or gas recovery.

A Blowout Preventer (BOP) is a large, specialized valve designed to seal, control and monitor oil and gas wells to prevent blowouts, which are uncontrolled releases of crude oil or gas.

A Drill Stem Test (DST) is a temporary completion of a wellbore that measures the pressure, permeability, and productive capacity of a reservoir to evaluate its potential for production.

Well logging involves creating a detailed record (a well log) of the geological formations penetrated by a borehole. This can be done through tools that measure resistivity, acoustic properties, and radioactive characteristics.

Drilling mud is a fluid used during drilling operations to lubricate the drill bit, remove cuttings from the well, maintain hydrostatic pressure, and prevent blowouts by balancing rock pressures.

Cementing is the process of mixing and pumping cement to fill the space between the wellbore and casing to support and protect the casing from corrosion as well as to prevent fluid migration between subsurface formations.