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A dark, coarse-grained sandy sedimentary rock with complex compositions; reservoir potential depends on matrix and cementation.

Consolidated ash from volcanic activity; its reservoir potential is usually limited due to compact nature.

A sedimentary rock composed mostly of calcite; has potential for high porosity and permeability through dissolution.

A sandstone with very low porosity and permeability, requires hydraulic fracturing for hydrocarbon extraction.

A sandstone rich in feldspar, typically showing poor sorting and variable porosity and permeability.

Very fine-grained sedimentary rock, with low porosity and permeability, often not suitable for reservoirs but can be a source rock.

A calcium carbonate- or lime-rich mudstone, it has intermediate properties between limestone and shale.

Sedimentary rocks formed by evaporation, such as gypsum and halite; typically have low porosity but can form impermeable cap rocks.

A hard, silica-rich sedimentary rock; its porosity and permeability are generally low but can have fractures.

The highest grade of coal, it has low porosity and can occasionally produce coalbed methane.

Coarse-grained clastic rock with rounded clasts; variable porosity and permeability depending on cementation and matrix composition.

Fine-grained sedimentary rock with low porosity and permeability, often acts as a cap rock or source rock rather than reservoir.

An organic-rich sedimentary rock; while not a typical reservoir, can store and generate natural gas (coalbed methane).

Carbonate rocks altered during diagenesis which can either enhance or reduce porosity and permeability.

Limestone that has been subject to dissolution forming caves and cavities; can exhibit high secondary porosity.

Precambrian sedimentary rocks with alternating layers of iron-rich minerals and silica; generally not reservoirs but important for iron ore.

Sedimentary rock that can host hydrocarbons; secondary porosity can be improved through dolomitization.

A sedimentary rock with grain sizes between sandstone and shale, usually has lower porosity and permeability.

Bioconstructed carbonate formations that can have high porosity and permeability, acting as excellent reservoirs.

Igneous rock with low primary porosity can act as a reservoir if it has a significant fracture network.

Metamorphic rock derived from sandstone, very low in porosity and permeability due to recrystallization.

The precursor to coal, composed of decomposed plant matter; poor reservoir rock but important in the coal formation process.

Clastic rock with high porosity and permeability, which makes it an excellent petroleum reservoir.

Coarse-grained clastic rock with angular fragments; porosity and permeability can be high if not well-cemented.

A sedimentary rock rich in phosphate minerals, generally poor as a reservoir but important as a resource rock for phosphorus.

Limestone consisting of ooids, which are cemented spherical grains; it can exhibit good porosity and permeability.

A soft, fine-grained limestone, usually has moderate to high porosity and low to moderate permeability.

A fine-grained igneous rock with typically low porosity and permeability, but can host reservoirs if fractured or vesicular.

A rock formed from volcanic ash, may have variable porosity and permeability based on ash particle size and welding.