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The Charter Oath was a five-point plan for modernization and the basis for Japan's modern state. It set the stage for democratic and societal reforms.

The han system of feudal domains was abolished in 1871 and replaced with prefectures, centralizing power under the emperor and weakening the old daimyo class.

Enacted in 1889, it established a bicameral legislature and limited voting rights, creating a constitutional monarchy that blended Western models with traditional Japanese power structures.

In 1872, the government established a system of compulsory education, which led to increased literacy rates and a more educated workforce to support industrialization.

The 1876 Haitorei Edict formally disbanded the samurai as a social class, forbidding them from carrying swords and pushing them to integrate into other professions.

The first Japanese railway line opened in 1872, connecting Tokyo and Yokohama. The network rapidly expanded, contributing to urbanization and industrialization.

The Meiji government modernized the postal system in the 1870s, adopting western practices such as mail delivery, post offices, and postage stamps which improved communication.

Implemented in 1873, this reform replaced traditional rice payments with a fixed money tax, stabilizing government revenue and boosting economic modernization.

In 1871, the Meiji government introduced the yen as the new uniform currency, which helped to standardize and stabilize the economy.

The 1873 Conscription Ordinance required all males to serve in the national military, fostering nationalism and creating a modern army.

A Japanese diplomatic journey around the world (1871-1873) to renegotiate unequal treaties and study Western institutions for potential adoption in Japan.

A political and social movement in the 1880s demanding a more representative government, leading to the promulgation of the Meiji Constitution.

Throughout the 1870s, Japan developed a new banking system, including a central bank. This facilitated trade, investment, and overall development of a modern economy.

The conflict fought between China and Japan between 1894-1895 over control of Korea, resulting in the Treaty of Shimonoseki and the ascension of Japan as a significant regional power.