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Mongol Empire Overview
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The Silk Road under Mongol Empire
The Mongols revitalized trade routes which connected Asia to Europe, providing safe passage for traders and increasing wealth and cultural exchange.
Yassa
The secret written code of law created by Genghis Khan to govern the Mongol Empire, emphasizing strict discipline and loyalty.
The Four Khanates
After Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire was divided into four regions: the Yuan Dynasty in China, the Ilkhanate in Persia, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, and the Golden Horde in Russia.
Genghis Khan
Founder of the Mongol Empire; united the Mongolian steppe tribes and started the Mongol invasions and conquests.
Kurultai
A political and military council of Mongol chiefs and khans used to make major decisions, such as electing the new Great Khan.
Mongol Military Tactics
Mongol army was famous for its mobility, archery, use of psychological warfare, and tactical retreats to entrap enemies.
Mongol Siege Warfare
Mongols were adept at siege warfare, often employing engineers from conquered territories to build siege engines like trebuchets and battering rams.
Marco Polo
Venetian merchant traveler whose account of his travels in the Mongol Empire provided Europeans with a rare glimpse of Asia during the late 13th century.
Religious Tolerance
The Mongols were notable for their religious tolerance, allowing many different faiths to coexist and practice freely within the empire.
Mongol Postal System
The Mongol Empire established a complex postal system with relay stations called yam, which enabled fast communication across vast distances.
Kublai Khan
Genghis Khan's grandson who became the fifth Great Khan and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China, significantly expanding the empire.
Pax Mongolica
The period of peace and stability across Eurasia under Mongol rule, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange along the Silk Road.
Mongol Currency
Introduced paper currency to support trade within the empire, which facilitated economic transactions across different regions.
The Fall of the Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire eventually fell due to a combination of internal strife, overextension, rebellions, and the rise of more powerful neighboring states.
Uyghur Script
The Mongols adopted the Uyghur script as their official writing system, which was used throughout the empire for record-keeping and communication.
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