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Founder of the Mongol Empire; united the Mongolian steppe tribes and started the Mongol invasions and conquests.

The secret written code of law created by Genghis Khan to govern the Mongol Empire, emphasizing strict discipline and loyalty.

The period of peace and stability across Eurasia under Mongol rule, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange along the Silk Road.

Mongol army was famous for its mobility, archery, use of psychological warfare, and tactical retreats to entrap enemies.

The Mongols revitalized trade routes which connected Asia to Europe, providing safe passage for traders and increasing wealth and cultural exchange.

A political and military council of Mongol chiefs and khans used to make major decisions, such as electing the new Great Khan.

After Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire was divided into four regions: the Yuan Dynasty in China, the Ilkhanate in Persia, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, and the Golden Horde in Russia.

Mongols were adept at siege warfare, often employing engineers from conquered territories to build siege engines like trebuchets and battering rams.

The Mongols were notable for their religious tolerance, allowing many different faiths to coexist and practice freely within the empire.

The Mongol Empire established a complex postal system with relay stations called yam, which enabled fast communication across vast distances.

Introduced paper currency to support trade within the empire, which facilitated economic transactions across different regions.

Venetian merchant traveler whose account of his travels in the Mongol Empire provided Europeans with a rare glimpse of Asia during the late 13th century.

The Mongol Empire eventually fell due to a combination of internal strife, overextension, rebellions, and the rise of more powerful neighboring states.

The Mongols adopted the Uyghur script as their official writing system, which was used throughout the empire for record-keeping and communication.