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Philosophies of Asia

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Confucianism

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Key Principles: The importance of ethics, familial loyalty, and social harmony. Origin: Founded by Confucius in 5th century BCE China.

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Taoism (Daoism)

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Key Principles: Wú wéi (non-action), simplicity, naturalness, and harmony. Origin: Attributed to Laozi in ancient China, around 6th century BCE.

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Buddhism

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Key Principles: The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path leading to liberation from suffering. Origin: Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) in 5th century BCE India.

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Hinduism

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Key Principles: Dharma (righteousness), Karma (action), Samsara (rebirth), and Moksha (liberation). Origin: No single founder, evolved over 4,000 years in the Indian subcontinent.

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Shintoism

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Key Principles: Purity, naturalness, and respect for the spirits known as kami. Origin: Indigenous to Japan, with origins dating back at least to the 8th century CE.

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Legalism

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Key Principles: A highly efficient and powerful government, strict legal control, and the use of law to ensure order. Origin: Developed during the Warring States period in China (3rd century BCE).

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Jainism

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Key Principles: Non-violence (Ahimsa), truth, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possessiveness. Origin: Founded by Mahavira in the 6th century BCE in India.

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Sikhism

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Key Principles: Belief in one God, the teachings of the ten Gurus, equality of mankind, community service, and honesty. Origin: Founded by Guru Nanak in the 15th century in Punjab, India.

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Zen Buddhism

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Key Principles: Emphasizes the practice of meditation, the concept of direct insight, and personal enlightenment. Origin: Developed as a distinct school of Mahayana Buddhism in China during the 6th century CE.

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Confucianism

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Key Principles: Ancestor worship, the Mandate of Heaven, the importance of rituals, and hierarchical social roles. Origin: Rooted in the teachings of Confucius and developed by his disciples.

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Mahayana Buddhism

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Key Principles: Emphasizes the path of the Bodhisattva, compassion, and skillful means. Origin: Developed between the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE in India.

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Theravada Buddhism

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Key Principles: Focus on the Pali Canon, individual enlightenment through meditation and insight, and adherence to monastic life. Origin: The oldest surviving branch of Buddhism, originating in India.

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