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Vietnam War Chronology

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First Indochina War

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The conflict between the French and the Viet Minh from 1946 to 1954 that led to the division of Vietnam at the Geneva Conference.

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1954

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The Geneva Accords were signed, leading to the temporary partition of Vietnam into North and South at the 17th parallel.

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Formation of the NLF

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The National Liberation Front (NLF), also known as Viet Cong, was formed in 1960 as a communist political organization with its own army in South Vietnam.

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident

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In August 1964, alleged attacks on U.S. naval vessels by North Vietnamese forces led to escalated American involvement in Vietnam.

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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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Passed in August 1964, this U.S. congressional resolution authorized President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and promote the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia.

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Operation Rolling Thunder

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Initiated in March 1965, this was an extensive bombing campaign over North Vietnam meant to weaken its ability to wage war against the South.

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Tet Offensive

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The coordinated series of North Vietnamese attacks on more than 100 cities and outposts in South Vietnam that occurred in late January 1968.

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My Lai Massacre

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A mass murder of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops in March 1968 during the Vietnam War.

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Vietnamization

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President Nixon's policy of replacing American military forces with those of South Vietnam, starting in 1969.

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Kent State shootings

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The shooting of unarmed college students by members of the Ohio National Guard on May 4, 1970, during a mass protest against the bombing in Cambodia by United States military forces.

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Pentagon Papers

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A classified report leaked in 1971 that revealed undisclosed information about the U.S. government's decision-making process concerning the Vietnam War.

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Paris Peace Accords

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An agreement signed in January 1973 that intended to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War.

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Fall of Saigon

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The capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the Viet Cong on April 30, 1975, marking the end of the Vietnam War.

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Operation Babylift

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The mass evacuation of children from South Vietnam to the United States and other countries that began in April 1975, just weeks before the Fall of Saigon.

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Christmas Bombings

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An 11-day bombing campaign over North Vietnam by the United States in December 1972, one of the most controversial operations of the Vietnam War.

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Agent Orange

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A herbicide and defoliant chemical used by the U.S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971.

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Ho Chi Minh Trail

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A strategic network of paths used by North Vietnam to transport supplies to its forces in the south, as well as the Viet Cong, throughout much of the Vietnam War.

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Battle of Khe Sanh

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A 77-day siege in early 1968 by North Vietnamese forces against U.S. Marines, seen as a crucial confrontation in the Vietnam War.

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Cambodian Campaign

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A series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia by the United States and South Vietnam during the Vietnam War in 1970.

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War Powers Act

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A federal law passed in 1973 that checked the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.

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