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Founder of the Achaemenid Empire who ruled from 559-530 BC. Known for his humane policies and the Cyrus Cylinder.

Third Persian king of the Achaemenid dynasty, ruled from 522-486 BC. He expanded the empire and built Persepolis.

Son of Darius, ruled from 486-465 BC. Known for his invasion of Greece during the Greco-Persian Wars.

Provincial system established by Darius, intended to efficiently govern the vast Persian Empire through local governors.

An ancient highway reorganized by Darius the Great to facilitate rapid communication throughout the Persian Empire.

The primary religion of the Persian Empire which emphasized dualism between good and evil. Attributed to the prophet Zoroaster.

Ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire built by Darius I and Xerxes in the 5th century BC, located in present-day Iran.

Elite infantry unit of the Persian army whose numbers were always kept constant at 10,000 men.

A famous 480 BC battle during the Greco-Persian Wars where King Leonidas and his Spartan soldiers made a stand against Xerxes I's forces.

Son of Cyrus the Great, who ruled from 530-522 BC and expanded Persian control over Egypt.

Multilingual inscription created by Darius the Great in 522 BC that provided a key for deciphering cuneiform script.