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United Nations Milestones

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End of the UN Trusteeship Council's operations

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1994, With the independence of Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory, the Trusteeship Council suspended operations.

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The opening of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)

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1946, As the principal judicial organ of the UN, the ICJ settles legal disputes between states according to international law.

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Establishment of the Human Rights Council

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2006, To replace the former UN Commission on Human Rights, this body was designed to address human rights violations.

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The adoption of the Paris Agreement under the UNFCCC

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2015, An international agreement to combat climate change by limiting global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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1962, The UN played a critical role in mediating a solution to one of the Cold War's most dangerous confrontations.

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Launch of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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2015, These global goals succeeded the MDGs, with an expanded agenda for sustainable development to be achieved by 2030.

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Adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

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1992, Signed at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the convention deals with all aspects of biological diversity: genetic resources, species, and ecosystems.

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UN headquarters permanently established in New York City

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1952, The opening of the official headquarters marked a commitment to a permanent base for international diplomacy.

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UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security

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2000, This resolution acknowledged the disproportionate and unique impact of armed conflict on women and girls.

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First UN peacekeeping mission

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1948, Began with the deployment of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) to the Middle East.

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Adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine

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2005, World leaders agreed to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

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The International Criminal Court is established by the Rome Statute

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1998, Though not an official UN body, it was established with UN support to prosecute individuals for international crimes like genocide and war crimes.

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The United Nations Climate Change Conferences

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Annual events from 1995, Gatherings under the UNFCCC framework to assess progress in dealing with climate change and negotiate obligations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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UN Security Council Resolution 242

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1967, Issued after the Six-Day War, it emphasized the 'inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war' and called for withdrawal of Israeli armed forces.

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Admission of new member states

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1955, A significant year for decolonization as many new countries joined the UN following independence.

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The Millennium Summit and the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

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2000, The largest gathering of world leaders aimed at establishing clear goals for reducing poverty, disease, and inequality.

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Operation of the Oil-for-Food Programme

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1996, Launched to alleviate Iraqi people's suffering under UN-imposed sanctions by allowing Iraq to sell oil in exchange for humanitarian goods.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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1948, A milestone document in the history of human rights that set out fundamental human rights to be universally protected.

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The first UN Environment Conference

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1972, The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm marked the beginning of a global focus on the environment within the UN.

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The 1st UN World Food Conference

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1974, This conference was called in response to worldwide food shortages and the global food crisis.

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Formation of the UN

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1945, Established to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts after WWII.

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Creation of the UN's Women's Agency (UN Women)

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2010, Formed to address the challenges of gender inequality and advocate for women's empowerment around the world.

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First session of the UN General Assembly

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1946, The inaugural gathering of all member nations to discuss global issues and set the agenda for the UN.

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Adoption of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

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1982, A comprehensive regime of law and order in the world's oceans and seas establishing rules governing all uses of the oceans and their resources.

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The adoption of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

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1968, This treaty aimed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology.

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The Stockholm Declaration

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1972, Principles for the preservation and enhancement of the human environment were established at the UN Conference on the Human Environment.

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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) establishment

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1964, Established to integrate developing countries more fully into the world economy.

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Establishment of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)

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1992, Created to ensure effective follow-up of the Earth Summit and to monitor and report on the implementation of the Earth Summit agreements.

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UN Conference on Women

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1975, Held in Mexico City, this conference was fundamental in advancing global women's rights and issues.

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San Francisco Conference

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1945, Representatives from 50 countries met to draft the United Nations Charter, establishing the UN to maintain worldwide peace and security.

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